Mantra 3

Sukta 39

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

उद् गा आजदङ्गिरोभ्य आविष्कृण्वन् गुहा सतीः । अर्वाञ्चं नुनुदे वलम्

IAST Transliteration

úd gā́ ā́jad áṅgirobhya āvíṣkṛṇván gúhā satī́ḥ | arvā́ñcaṃ nunude válam

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Forth drave he the Cows; for the Angirases he made them manifest, though they abode in hiding-caves: hitherward he thrust away Vala.

Word by Word

• उत्: up, forth (preverb)
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग) / ud-

• गाः: he went forth / came up
• गाः: Kartā (implicit subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गै (धातु) / gai

• आजत्: he drove/impelled
• आजत्: Kartā (implicit subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अज् (धातु) / aj

• अङ्गिरोभ्यः: to the Aṅgirases
• अङ्गिरोभ्यः: Sampradāna (to/for the Angirases)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गिरस् (प्रातिपदिक) / aṅgiras

• आविष्कृण्वन्: making manifest, revealing
• आविष्कृण्वन्: Kartā (agent-participle, agreeing with subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: आविष् + कृ (धातु) / āviṣ + kṛ

• गुहाः: of the cave / of the hiding-place
• गुहाः: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense implied: ‘of/in the cave’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुहा (प्रातिपदिक) / guhā

• सतीः: being (there), existing (fem. pl.)
• सतीः: Karma (object of ‘revealing’)
• Type: Adjective (participle used adjectivally)
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक) / sat

• अर्वाञ्चम्: turned this way, toward us
• अर्वाञ्चम्: Karma (object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्वाञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक) / arvāñc

• नुनुदे: he thrust/pushed
• नुनुदे: Kartā (implicit subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नुद् (धातु) / nud

• वलम्: Vala (the enclosure/obstacle; demon/fortress)
• वलम्: Karma (object of ‘pushed’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वल (प्रातिपदिक) / vala

Attribution

Rishi: Indra-Angiras complex (traditional RV attribution; AV 20 largely reuses RV material)

Devata: Indra (with Angirases as mythic assistants); Vala as the adversarial figure

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (as transmitted in AV 20 RV-derived strata; metrical exactness may vary by pada division)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From concealment to revelation and victorious retrieval.","listener_experience":"Hope and alertness—something lost can be found; confidence in uncovering truth.","intensity":6}