Mantra 3

Sukta 16

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

साध्वर्या अतिथिनीरिषिरा स्पार्हाः सुवर्णा अनवद्यरूपाः । बृहस्पतिः पर्वतेभ्यो वितूर्या निर्गा ऊपे यवमिव स्थिविभ्यः

IAST Transliteration

sā́dhvaryā́ atithínīr iṣirā́ spā́rhāḥ suvarṇā́ anavadyárūpāḥ | bṛ́haspátiḥ párvatebhyo vitū́rya nír gā́ ū́pe yávam iva sthivíbhyáḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Rightly-oblationed, guest-like, swift, and much-to-be-desired—golden, of faultless form—Bṛhaspati, cleaving them from the mountains, brought the cows forth and near, as barley (comes) from the sieves.

Word by Word

• साध्वऱ्याः: the good/noble (women)
• साध्वऱ्याः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साधु-अर्या (प्रातिपदिक) / साध्व् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• अतिथिनीः: guest-women / hostesses
• अतिथिनीः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिथिनी (प्रातिपदिक; अतिथि-सम्बद्ध)

• इषिराः: vigorous, lively
• इषिराः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इषिर (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्पार्हाः: desirable, lovely
• स्पार्हाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्पार्ह (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुवर्णाः: golden, of good color
• सुवर्णाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनवद्यरूपाः: of faultless form
• अनवद्यरूपाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनवद्य-रूप (समास; अनवद्य + रूप)

• बृहस्पतिः: Bṛhaspati
• बृहस्पतिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: बृहस्पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• पर्वतेभ्यः: from the mountains
• पर्वतेभ्यः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• वितूर्या: having passed beyond / having crossed
• वितूर्या: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verbal (absolutive) / Kṛdanta
• Root: वि + तॄ (धातु) → वितूर्य (कृदन्त, ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्राय)

• निर्गाः: the outgoings/streams (those that go forth)
• निर्गाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर् + गा (धातु) → निर्ग (कृदन्त/नाम; ‘going out’)

• ऊपे: approached, came near
• ऊपे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप (अव्यय) + इ (धातु) → उपे (तिङन्त)

• यवम्: barley
• यवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यव (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: (उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)

• स्थिविभ्यः: from the thick/solid (masses)
• स्थिविभ्यः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थिवि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘thick/solid mass’)

Attribution

Rishi: Bṛhaspati (mythic seer) / Angiras-tradition (Vala myth complex)

Devata: Bṛhaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (RV-style; AV 20 largely RV-derived)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"Wonder at the golden, faultless power → decisive breakthrough → joyful approach of wealth.","listener_experience":"Hopeful amazement; felt sense of ‘doors opening’.","intensity":7}