Sutra 38
Devanagari script
एवं दुर्गराष्ट्रमुख्यानाभाषेत यथार्हं च मित्रामित्रपक्षम् ॥ कZ_०५.६.३८ ॥
Transliteration
evaṃ durgarāṣṭramukhyān ābhāṣeta yathārhaṃ ca mitrāmitrapakṣam
Translation
In the same manner he should address the leading men of forts and the countryside, and—appropriately—manage the factions of allies and enemies.
Word by Word
एवम्thus; in this manner
एवम्:
TypeParticle/Adverb
Rootएवम् (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; manner-adverb ‘thus/in this way’
दुर्गfort
दुर्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्)
राष्ट्रkingdom; realm; territory
राष्ट्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्)
मुख्यान्the chiefs; the principal (persons/officers)
मुख्यान्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमुख्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘chief/leading (persons)’
आभाषेतshould address; should speak to
आभाषेत:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-भाष्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; ‘should address/speak to’
यथाas; according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable/Conjunction
Rootयथा (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; correlating adverb ‘as/according as’
अर्हम्appropriately; as is fitting
अर्हम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootअर्ह (अर्ह्/अर्हति-सम्बद्ध)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘as is proper/appropriate’
चand
च:
TypeParticle/Conjunction
Rootच (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; coordinating conjunction
मित्रally; friend
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण
अमित्रenemy
अमित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण
पक्षम्the friend-and-enemy side(s); the alignment of allies and enemies
पक्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; समस्तपदम्: मित्र-अमित्र-पक्षम् = ‘the side/party of allies and enemies’ (i.e., the alignment of friend/enemy sides)
Entities Mentioned
D
durga-mukhya (fort leaders)R
rāṣṭra-mukhya (provincial/rural leaders)M
mitra-pakṣa (ally bloc)A
amitra-pakṣa (adversary bloc)FAQs
Forts control coercive capacity and strategic nodes, while countryside elites control revenue and local order; both must be stabilized to prevent fragmentation.