Sutra 7
Devanagari script
अनृत्वभूमिप्राप्तयोरनृतुप्राप्तं यथर्तुयुग्यशस्त्रावरणं युध्येत नाभूमिप्राप्तमवरुद्धप्रसारव्यायामम् ॥ कZ_०८.५.०७ ॥
Transliteration
anṛtvabhūmiprāptayor anṛtuprāptaṃ yathartuyugyaśastrāvaraṇaṃ yudhyeta nābhūmiprāptam avaruddhaprasāravyāyāmam
Translation
Between one that has arrived in an unseasonable time and one that has not yet reached suitable ground, he should fight the one that has arrived out of season—though equipped with season-appropriate arms and protection; he should not fight one that has not reached its ground and whose movement and exercise are constrained.
Word by Word
अनृतु-भूमि-प्राप्तयोःof/when (the two sides) have reached an unfavourable season and (unfavourable) ground
अनृतु-भूमि-प्राप्तयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राप्
Formसमस्तपदम्; ‘प्राप्त’ (कृदन्त, क्त) + ‘अनृतु’ + ‘भूमि’; ‘प्राप्तयोः’ = षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (सन्दर्भतः: ‘of/when (two parties) have reached…’); अधिकरण/सम्बन्धार्थे
अनृतु-प्राप्तम्(that which is) not having reached the proper season / out of season
अनृतु-प्राप्तम्:
TypeAdjective (Kridanta)
Rootप्राप्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग एकवचन (प्रथमा/द्वितीया); ‘प्राप्त’ (क्त) = ‘reached/obtained’; विशेषणम्
यथा-ऋतु-युग्य-शस्त्र-आवरणम्season-appropriate weapons and protective equipment/armour
यथा-ऋतु-युग्य-शस्त्र-आवरणम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootवृ (आवरण) / युज् (युग्य)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग एकवचन (प्रथमा/द्वितीया); ‘यथा’ (अव्यय) उपपद; ‘ऋतुयुग्य’ = ऋतौ युग्यम् (ऋतुनुकूलम्); ‘शस्त्रावरण’ = शस्त्रं च आवरणं च / शस्त्रस्य आवरणम् (सैन्योपकरणसमूहः)
युध्येतshould fight
युध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formलिङ् (विधिलिङ्), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; विधिः/आदेशः = ‘should fight’
नnot
न:
TypeParticle
Rootन
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्ययम्
आ-भूमि-प्राप्तम्not having reached the ground/position (i.e., not properly in position on the battlefield)
आ-भूमि-प्राप्तम्:
TypeAdjective (Kridanta)
Rootप्राप्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग एकवचन (प्रथमा/द्वितीया); ‘आ-’ उपसर्गः; ‘प्राप्त’ (क्त)
अवरुद्ध-प्रसार-व्यायामम्(one) with obstructed deployment and manoeuvring space/mobility
अवरुद्ध-प्रसार-व्यायामम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootरुध् (अवरुद्ध) / सृ (प्रसार) / व्यायम् (व्यायाम)
Formपुं/नपुंसक एकवचन (प्रथमा/द्वितीया; सन्दर्भतः द्वितीया); ‘अवरुद्ध’ (क्त) = प्रतिबद्ध/रोधित; ‘प्रसार’ = विस्तार/गमन; ‘व्यायाम’ = श्रम/गतिचेष्टा; समस्तार्थः = ‘whose movement/room-for-manoeuvre is obstructed’
Entities Mentioned
E
enemy force (implicit)T
terrain/ground (bhūmi)FAQs
Kautilya treats season and ground as determinants of mobility and supply; engage when the opponent’s timing is suboptimal but they are still concentrated enough for decisive action.