Sutra 5
Devanagari script
व्याधिदुर्भिक्षयोर्व्याधिः प्रेतव्याधितोपसृष्टपरिचारकव्यायामोपरोधेन कर्माण्युपहन्ति दुर्भिक्षं पुनरकर्मोपघाति हिरण्यपशुकरदायि च इत्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०८.४.०५ ॥
Transliteration
vyādhidurbhikṣayorvyādhiḥ pretavyādhitopasṛṣṭaparicārakavyāyāmoparodhena karmāṇyupahanti durbhikṣaṃ punarakarmopaghāti hiraṇyapaśukaradāyi ca ityācāryāḥ
Translation
Between disease and famine, the teachers say: disease harms work because attendants are impeded by caring for the dead, the sick, and the afflicted; famine, however, halts work and also yields revenue in gold, livestock, and taxes.
Word by Word
व्याधि-दुर्भिक्षयोःof (the two:) disease and famine
व्याधि-दुर्भिक्षयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि; दुर्भिक्ष
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचनम् (genitive dual)
व्याधिःdisease
व्याधिः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular)
प्रेत-व्याधित-उपसृष्ट-परिचारक-व्यायाम-उपरोधेनby the obstruction (caused) by attendants who are afflicted through contact with the dead and the sick, and by the stoppage of physical labour
प्रेत-व्याधित-उपसृष्ट-परिचारक-व्यायाम-उपरोधेन:
TypeNoun (instrumental phrase)
Rootप्रेत; व्याधित (√व्यध/व्याध्? as adjective ‘diseased’); उपसृष्ट (√सृज् with उप); परिचारक (√चर्); व्यायाम; उपरोध (√रुध् with उप)
Formतृतीया-एकवचनम् (instrumental singular); head: उपरोध (obstruction)
कर्माणिworks; activities
कर्माणि:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formद्वितीया-बहुवचनम् (accusative plural)
उपहन्तिthey harm; they impair
उपहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (उप-हन्)
Formलट्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्
दुर्भिक्षम्famine
दुर्भिक्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्भिक्ष
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम् (accusative singular)
पुनःagain; on the other hand
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
Formअव्ययम्
अकर्म-उपघातिcausing the destruction/cessation of work
अकर्म-उपघाति:
TypeAdjective (predicative)
Rootअकर्मन्; उपघातिन् (√हन् with उप + घातिन्)
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम् (agreeing with दुर्भिक्षम् understood as subject in the second clause)
हिरण्य-पशु-कर-दायिyielding gold, livestock, and taxes
हिरण्य-पशु-कर-दायि:
TypeAdjective (predicative)
Rootहिरण्य; पशु; कर; दायिन् (√दा)
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम् (agreeing with दुर्भिक्षम् understood)
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Formअव्ययम्
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
Formअव्ययम् (quotation marker)
आचार्याःthe teachers (authorities)
आचार्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (nominative plural)
Entities Mentioned
Ā
ācāryāḥ (teachers)P
paricāraka (caregivers/attendants)FAQs
Teachers imply that scarcity can trigger compulsory collections/levies in cash or kind; the state may still extract, even while economic activity suffers.