Sutra 48

Devanagari script

इति पीडनानि आभ्यन्तरो मुख्यस्तम्भो बाह्योऽमित्राटवीस्तम्भः । इति स्तम्भवर्गह् ॥ कZ_०८.४.४८ ॥

Transliteration

iti pīḍanāni ābhyantaro mukhyastambho bāhyo 'mitrāṭavīstambhaḥ | iti stambhavargaḥ.

Translation

Thus are the forms of oppression/pressure: the internal pillar is the principal (core) pillar; the external pillar is the enemy-and-forest pillar. This is the ‘pillar’ classification.

Word by Word

• इति: thus; so (concluding statement)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: Avyaya (quotative/iti-particle)

• पीडनानि: oppressions; coercive measures; acts of harassment
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीडन
• Form: Neuter; nominative/accusative plural; from √पीड् (to oppress) with -ana (action/result noun)

• आभ्यन्तरः: internal
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आभ्यन्तर
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular; adjective used substantively

• मुख्यः: principal; main
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुख्य
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular; adjective used substantively

• स्तम्भः: pillar; support
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तम्भ
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular

• बाह्यः: external
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाह्य
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular; adjective used substantively

• अमित्राटवीस्तम्भः: the pillar/support relating to the enemy and the forest (enemy-and-forest pillar)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: स्तम्भ
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular; compound = अमित्र + आटवी + स्तम्भ (support/pillar connected with enemy and forest-tribes/forest-region)

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: Avyaya (concluding/quotative)

• स्तम्भवर्गः: the group/class of pillars
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: वर्ग
• Form: Masculine; nominative singular; compound = स्तम्भ + वर्ग

Entities Mentioned

• ābhyantara (internal)
• amitra (enemy)
• āṭavī (forest)

More Details

FAQs

What does ‘internal pillar is principal’ mean in governance terms?

Internal stability and administration are the primary support of state power; external threats are secondary if the internal base is sound.