Sutra 7

Devanagari script

प्रायशश्च कोपवशा राजानः प्रकृतिकोपैर्हताः श्रूयन्ते कामवशाः क्षयनिमित्तमरिव्याधिभिरिति ॥ कZ_०८.३.०७ ॥

Transliteration

prāyaśaśca kopavaśā rājānaḥ prakṛtikopairhatāḥ śrūyante kāmavaśāḥ kṣayanimittamarivyādhibhiriti

Translation

And commonly, kings overpowered by anger are heard to have been slain by the wrath of their own constituents; those overpowered by desire meet decline through enemies and diseases as the immediate causes.

Word by Word

• प्रायशः: generally, for the most part
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: प्रायशस्
• Form: अव्यय; अर्थे—बहुधा/प्रायः

• च: and
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कोपवशाः: under the control of anger; anger-driven
• Type: Noun (Adjective)
• Root: वश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (राजानः)

• राजानः: kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; कर्तृपदम्

• प्रकृति-कोपैः: by the anger of the (state) constituents
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; साधन/हेतौ (कोपैः)

• हताः: destroyed, brought down
• Type: Participle
• Root: हन्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; कर्मणि; (राजानः) इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• श्रूयन्ते: are heard of, are reported
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: लट्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः—‘are heard/are said’

• कामवशाः: under the control of desire; desire-driven
• Type: Noun (Adjective)
• Root: वश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (राजानः)

• क्षय-निमित्तम्: as a cause of ruin/decline
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमित्त
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; प्रयोजन/परिणामार्थे (क्षयस्य निमित्तम्)

• अरि-व्याधिभिः: by afflictions (arising) from enemies
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याधि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; साधन/हेतौ

• इति: thus
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: इति
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय; वाक्यसमाप्त्यर्थे

Entities Mentioned

• kings
• prakṛtis (constituent elements/subjects)
• enemies (ari)
• diseases (vyādhi)

More Details

FAQs

Who are the “prakṛtis” whose anger can destroy a king?

The state’s constituent elements—ministers, officials, army, treasury stakeholders, and broadly the governed—whose collective hostility can translate into revolt, coup, or non-cooperation.

Why are enemies and disease linked with desire?

Desire-driven excess (luxury, indulgence, neglect of duty) weakens vigilance and capacity, inviting external aggression and internal deterioration, including health-related incapacity.