Sutra 48
Devanagari script
कोशाभावे दण्डः परं गच्छति स्वामिनं वा हन्ति ॥ कZ_०८.१.४८ ॥
Transliteration
kośābhāve daṇḍaḥ paraṃ gacchati svāminaṃ vā hanti.
Translation
When the treasury is absent, the coercive apparatus goes over to another (defects) or even kills its own ruler.
Word by Word
कोशाभावेin the absence of the treasury / when fiscal resources are lacking
कोशाभावे:
TypeNoun
Rootकोश + अभाव
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी (अधिकरणे) — 'कोशस्य अभावे'
दण्डःpunishment / the coercive power (of the state)
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (कर्ता)
परम्to an extreme; excessively; beyond proper measure
परम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootपर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया — क्रियाविशेषणवत् (‘to an extreme / excessively’)
गच्छतिgoes; proceeds; tends
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formलट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
स्वामिनम्the master; the ruler
स्वामिनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया (कर्म)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive ‘or’)
हन्तिstrikes; kills; destroys
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formलट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
Entities Mentioned
K
kośa (treasury)D
daṇḍa (armed force)S
svāmin (ruler)FAQs
Fiscal insolvency can translate directly into coercive betrayal: unpaid or unsupplied forces may defect or turn violent against the ruler.