Sutra 45
Devanagari script
स्वामिनश्चासन्नवृत्तित्वादमात्यसधर्मा दण्डः इति ॥ कZ_०८.१.४५ ॥
Transliteration
svāminaś cāsannavṛttitvād amātyasadharmā daṇḍaḥ iti.
Translation
And because the ruler’s conduct is closely bound up with it, coercive power shares the character of the ministers (i.e., it operates through the administrative cadre).
Word by Word
स्वामिनःof the king (the master/sovereign)
स्वामिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formषष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग); ‘स्वामिन्’ इति प्रातिपदिकम्
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
आसन्नवृत्तित्वात्because of (his) being in close attendance / due to proximity of service
आसन्नवृत्तित्वात्:
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootआसन्नवृत्तित्व
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); हेतु/कारणार्थे ‘-त्वात्’
अमात्यसधर्माःhaving the same character as ministers / akin to ministers
अमात्यसधर्माः:
TypeAdjective (used predicatively)
Rootअमात्यसधर्म
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग); विशेषणम् (दण्डाः इत्यस्य)
दण्डाःpunishments / penal measures
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeQuotative particle
Rootइति
Formइत्यादि-निदर्शक-अव्ययम्; वाक्यसमाप्त्यर्थे
Entities Mentioned
S
svāmin (king/ruler)A
amātya (minister/official)D
daṇḍa (coercive authority)FAQs
Coercion is exercised through officials; discipline, loyalty, and administrative quality determine how force is applied and whether it serves the ruler’s policy.