Sutra 32

Devanagari script

कर्षकप्राये तु दुर्गव्यसनमायुधीयप्राये तु जनपदे जनपदव्यसनमिति ॥ कZ_०८.१.३२ ॥

Transliteration

karṣakaprāye tu durgavyasanamāyudhīyaprāye tu janapade janapadavyasanamiti

Translation

Where the state is predominantly agrarian, calamity affecting the fort is more critical; where it is predominantly military, calamity affecting the countryside is more critical.

Word by Word

• कर्षकप्राये: in a region predominantly of cultivators
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्षक; प्राय
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे/पुंलिङ्गे सन्दर्भानुसारम्); ‘प्राय’ = ‘बहुल/प्रायः’ इत्यर्थे विशेषणम्

• तु: but; however
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: अव्ययम्; विरोध/विभेदार्थक-निपातः

• दुर्गव्यसनम्: a calamity affecting the fort
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग; व्यसन
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘दुर्गस्य व्यसनम्’

• आयुधीयप्राये: in a region predominantly military/armed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयुधीय; प्राय
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचनम्; ‘आयुधीय’ = आयुधसम्बन्धी/सेनाप्रधानः; ‘प्राय’ = बहुलः

• तु: but; whereas
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: अव्ययम्; विभेदार्थक-निपातः

• जनपदे: in the countryside/realm (janapada)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचनम् पुंलिङ्गः; अधिकरणे सप्तमी

• जनपदव्यसनम्: a calamity affecting the realm/countryside
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद; व्यसन
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘जनपदस्य व्यसनम्’

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle/Quotative
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्ययम्; वाक्यसमाप्त्यर्थक/उद्धरणचिह्नम्

Entities Mentioned

• janapada
• durga

More Details

FAQs

How does Kautilya connect state structure to vulnerability?

He treats vulnerability as relative: the most dangerous shock is the one that hits the critical node of that particular state’s system (agrarian vs. militarized).