Sutra 21

Devanagari script

तेषामभावो जनपदाभावे स्वाम्यमात्ययोश्चानन्तरः इति ॥ कZ_०८.१.२१ ॥

Transliteration

teṣām abhāvo janapadābhāve svāmy-amātyayoś cānantaraḥ iti.

Translation

When the countryside fails, those (resources and capacities) fail; and thereafter the sovereign and ministers (too) are imperiled.

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of those (i.e., of them)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (genitive plural), सर्वनाम

• अभावः: absence; non-existence
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभाव
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular), पुंलिङ्गः

• जनपद-अभावे: in the absence of the territory/realm (janapada)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: जनपद + अभाव
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (locative singular), पुंलिङ्गः; ‘जनपदस्य अभावे’ = in the absence of the janapada

• स्वामि-अमात्ययोः: of the sovereign and the ministers
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: स्वामिन् + अमात्य
• Form: षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् (genitive/locative dual); here genitive dual: ‘of the king and the ministers’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• अनन्तरः: immediate; next (in sequence)
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: अनन्तर
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular), पुंलिङ्गः; agrees with ‘अभावः’

• इति: thus; as stated
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्ययम्; quotation/statement marker

Entities Mentioned

• janapada
• svāmin
• amātya

More Details

FAQs

What sequence of collapse is described?

First the productive base (janapada) deteriorates; then revenue, force, and supplies disappear; then the political center (ruler and ministers) becomes untenable.