Sutra 2

Devanagari script

अतः पादार्घगुणहीनौ मध्यमावरौ ॥ कZ_०१.९.०२ ॥

Transliteration

ataḥ pādārghaguṇahīnau madhyamāvarau

Translation

Therefore, those lacking a quarter or a half of the requisite qualities are, respectively, middling and inferior.

Word by Word

• अतः: therefore; hence
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः
• Form: अव्यय; हेत्वर्थे/तस्मात्-अर्थे (therefore, hence)

• पाद: a quarter; one-fourth part
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (as prior member in compound)

• अर्घ: price; value
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (as prior member in compound)

• गुण: quality; merit
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (as prior member in compound)

• हीनौ: deficient; lacking; inferior
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्विवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with मध्यमावरौ)

• मध्यमावरौ: the middle and the lower (categories)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: मध्यम + अवर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (मध्यमश्च अवरश्च)

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FAQs

What is the policy use of fractional deficiency (‘quarter/half’)?

It encodes a practical grading rule: partial fulfillment of competency requirements yields lower placement and responsibility.