Sutra 59
Devanagari script
गृहीतो वा सामादिभिरनुपातमतिसंदध्यात् रसविद्धेन वा पथ्यदनेन ॥ कZ_०७.१७.५९ ॥
Transliteration
gṛhīto vā sāmādibhir anupātam atisaṃdadhyāt rasaviddhena vā pathyadanena
Translation
If seized, he should contrive an opening to escape by employing conciliation and the other means (sāma, etc.); or he should act through a ‘wholesome’ food offering that has been poisoned.
Word by Word
गृहीतः(one who is) seized/captured/arrested
गृहीतः:
TypeVerb (PPP used adjectivally)
Rootग्रह्
Formकृदन्त (क्त, past passive participle); प्रथमा-एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
सामादिभिःby the means beginning with conciliation (i.e., the four expedients: conciliation, gifts, dissension, force/punishment)
सामादिभिः:
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्/आदि
Formतृतीया-बहुवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (सामादि-शब्दः समाहारवाचकः)
अनुपातम्in due proportion; appropriately
अनुपातम्:
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootअनुपात
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (प्रयोगे क्रियाविशेषणवत्)
अतिसंदध्यात्should thoroughly arrange/settle (the matter); should apply (them) with extra care
अतिसंदध्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-धा (संधा)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; उपसर्गः: अति- + सम्-; धातु: धा
रसविद्धेनwith (food) tainted/impregnated with poison
रसविद्धेन:
TypeNoun/Adjective (instrumental)
Rootरस + विद्ध (√व्यध्)
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (विद्ध = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, ‘pierced/tainted’); समासे ‘रसविद्ध’ = रसैः विद्धः
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
पथ्यादनेनby means of wholesome food/diet (as the medium)
पथ्यादनेन:
TypeNoun
Rootपथ्य + अदन
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘अदन’ = भोजन/आहार (eating/food)
Entities Mentioned
C
captor/guards (implied)P
poisonU
upāyas (sāma etc.)FAQs
They are repurposed as interpersonal and situational tools—persuasion, inducement, sowing division, or force—to create a moment to flee or neutralize restraint.
Because the most effective deception uses expected, non-suspicious channels (routine food), lowering the target’s guard.