Sutra 13

Devanagari script

काम्बोजसुराष्ट्रक्षत्रियश्रेण्यादयो वार्त्तशस्त्रोपजीविनः ॥ कZ_११.१.०४ ॥

Transliteration

kāmboja-surāṣṭra-kṣatriya-śreṇy-ādayo vārttā-śastropajīvinaḥ

Translation

The Kāmbojas, Saurāṣṭras, and kṣatriya guild-communities and the like subsist by commerce/agriculture and by arms.

Word by Word

• काम्बोज: Kambojas (a people/region)
• Type: Noun (Proper/Tribal name)
• Root: काम्बोज
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (समुच्चय-निर्देशे)

• सुराष्ट्र: Saurāṣṭras (people of Saurashtra)
• Type: Noun (Proper/Regional name)
• Root: सुराष्ट्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (समुच्चय-निर्देशे)

• क्षत्रिय: Kshatriyas (warrior/noble class)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• श्रेणी: guilds/corporate bodies
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रेणी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• आदयः: and others (etc.)
• Type: Noun (pronominal/indeclinable-derived)
• Root: आदि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘आदि’ + यत्-प्रत्यय (आदयः = ‘and others beginning with…’)

• वार्त्त: livelihood/economy based on agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade
• Type: Noun (used as prior member)
• Root: वार्त्ता
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक ‘वार्त्ता’ (कृषि-गोरक्ष्य-वाणिज्य-समाहारः); समासे पूर्वपदत्वेन ‘वार्त्त-’

• शस्त्र: weapons/arms
• Type: Noun (used as prior member)
• Root: शस्त्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासे पूर्वपदत्वेन ‘शस्त्र-’ (weapon/arms)

• उपजीविनः: those who live by / make their living from
• Type: Noun (agentive)
• Root: उप√जीव्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘उपजीविन्’ (one who lives by/depends on)

Entities Mentioned

• Kāmboja
• Saurāṣṭra
• kṣatriya-śreṇī

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kauṭilya classify saṅghas by livelihood (upajīvikā)?

A polity’s economic base and military profession indicate its resilience, incentives, and the most effective levers for influence or disruption.