Sutra 12

Devanagari script

ताननुगुणान्भुञ्जीत सामदानाभ्याम् विगुणान्भेददण्डाभ्याम् ॥ कZ_११.१.०३ ॥

Transliteration

tān anuguṇān bhuñjīta sāma-dānābhyām, viguṇān bheda-daṇḍābhyām

Translation

Those aligned with one’s interest should be managed through conciliation and inducements; those not aligned should be handled through division and coercive force.

Word by Word

• तान्: them (those persons)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: sarvanāma-śabda; पुल्लिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• अनुगुणान्: the compliant / suitable / amenable ones
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुगुण
• Form: विशेषण; पुल्लिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; तान् इति सर्वनामस्य विशेषणम्

• भुञ्जीत: should employ / should make use of
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; लट्-आश्रित-विध्यर्थः

• साम: by conciliation
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन् (साम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन (करणे); दानाभ्याम् इत्यनेन सह द्वन्द्व-समुच्चयार्थः

• दानाभ्याम्: and by gifts (inducements)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन (करणे)

• विगुणान्: the non-compliant / unsuitable / adverse ones
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विगुण
• Form: विशेषण; पुल्लिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; (तान् इति) कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्

• भेद: by dissension (creating division)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भिद् (भेद)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन (करणे); दण्डाभ्याम् इत्यनेन सह समुच्चयार्थः

• दण्डाभ्याम्: and by punishment (coercion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन (करणे)

Entities Mentioned

• saṅgha members
• state (ruler)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic behind using sāma/dāna vs bheda/daṇḍa?

It segments actors by alignment: preserve cooperation with low-cost tools (sāma, dāna) and neutralize resistance by breaking coordination (bheda) and enforcing compliance (daṇḍa).