Sutra 22

Devanagari script

धान्यस्नेहक्षारलवणगन्धभैषज्यद्रव्याणां समवर्णोपधाने द्वादशपणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.२२ ॥

Transliteration

dhānyasnehakṣāralavaṇagandhabhaiṣajyadravyāṇāṃ samavarṇopadhāne dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

For adulterating grains, oils/fats, alkalis, salt, perfumes/fragrances, or medicinal substances with additives of the same color/appearance, the penalty is 12 paṇas.

Word by Word

• धान्य: grain, cereals
• Type: Noun
• Root: धान्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• स्नेह: oil/fat (unctuous substance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नेह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• क्षार: alkali
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• लवण: salt
• Type: Noun
• Root: लवण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• गन्ध: fragrance; aromatic substance
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्ध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• भैषज्य: medicine, drug
• Type: Noun
• Root: भैषज्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप)

• द्रव्याणाम्: of the goods/commodities
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन; (समासान्त-शब्द: धान्य-स्नेह-क्षार-लवण-गन्ध-भैषज्य-द्रव्य)

• समवर्ण: uniform in colour/appearance (same grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समवर्ण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (उपधाने इति पदेन सह विशेषणम्)

• उपधाने: in (the act of) fraudulent substitution/adulteration
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपधान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; अधिकरणे (locative of circumstance)

• द्वादशपणः: (a fine of) twelve paṇas
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशपण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डः इति पदस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: fine; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विधेय (predicate nominative)

Entities Mentioned

• food sellers
• oil sellers
• salt traders
• perfumers
• medicine vendors
• inspectors (implied)

More Details

FAQs

Why specify 'same color' adulteration?

It targets deceptive adulteration designed to evade visual inspection, indicating an early concern for detection-resistant fraud.

What public-interest rationale is strongest here?

Protection of essential consumables and medicines—quality control as a state function tied to welfare and trust in markets.