Sutra 11

Devanagari script

राज्यकामुकमन्तःपुरप्रधर्षकमटव्यमित्रोत्साहकं दुर्गराष्ट्रदण्डकोपकं वा शिरोहस्तप्रदीपिकं घातयेत् ॥ कZ_०४.११.११ ॥

Transliteration

rājyakāmukam antaḥpurapradharṣakam aṭavyam itrotsāhakaṃ durgarāṣṭradaṇḍakopakaṃ vā śirohastapradīpikaṃ ghātayet

Translation

He shall put to death: one who covets the kingdom (a would-be usurper), one who violates the inner apartments, one who incites forest-tribes/enemies, or one who provokes rebellion against forts, the countryside, or the royal authority—by execution (e.g., displaying the severed head/hand as a public warning).

Word by Word

• राज्यकामुकम्: one who lusts after the kingdom (a would-be usurper)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: राज्य; कामुक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘राज्यस्य कामुकः’ इति—राज्यं कामयमानः (व्यक्ति)

• अन्तःपुर-प्रधर्षकम्: a violator/assailant of the royal harem (inner apartments)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: अन्तःपुर; प्रधर्षक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘अन्तःपुरस्य प्रधर्षकः’—प्रधर्षक = बलात्कारी/उपद्रवकर्ता

• अटवी-मित्र-उत्साहकम्: one who incites/supports forest allies (e.g., forest tribes/robbers)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: अटवी; मित्र; उत्साहक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘अटव्याः मित्राणां उत्साहकः’—उत्साहक = प्रोत्साहक/उत्तेजक

• दुर्ग-राष्ट्र-दण्ड-कोपकम्: one who provokes disturbance against the fort, the realm, or the punitive authority (law-and-order)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: दुर्ग; राष्ट्र; दण्ड; कोपक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘दुर्गं राष्ट्रं दण्डं च कोपयति’—कोपक = क्रोधजनक/विद्रोह-प्रेरक

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• शिरः-हस्त-प्रदीपिकम्: one who makes an example by displaying severed head/hand (a terrorizing exhibitor)
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: शिरस्; हस्त; प्रदीपिक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘शिरो हस्तौ प्रदीपयति/प्रकाशयति’ इति—प्रदीपिक = प्रकाशक; अर्थतः ‘शिरोच्छेद-हस्तच्छेदादि द्वारा उदाहरण-रूपेण भयप्रदर्शक’

• घातयेत्: should cause to be killed / should have executed
• Type: Verb (causative)
• Root: हन् (घातयति)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्-प्रयोग (आज्ञार्थ/विध्यर्थ), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच् (causative): ‘घातयति’ = ‘मारयति’

Entities Mentioned

• usurper
• harem violator
• inciter of forest groups
• rebel agitator
• forts/realm
• sovereign authority

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative intent behind prescribing public, symbolic execution methods here?

To deter political crimes that threaten regime stability by making enforcement highly visible and by signaling the state’s capacity to punish subversion swiftly.