Sutra 22

Devanagari script

परार्ध्यानां पणो वेतनं मध्यमानामर्धपणः प्रत्यवराणां पादः स्थूलकानां माषकद्विमाषकं द्विगुणं रक्तकानाम् ॥ कZ_०४.१.२२ ॥

Transliteration

parārdhyānāṃ paṇo vetanaṃ madhyamānām ardhapaṇaḥ pratyavarāṇāṃ pādaḥ sthūlakānāṃ māṣakadvimāṣakaṃ dviguṇaṃ raktakānām

Translation

For superior-grade (cloth), the wage is one paṇa; for medium grade, half a paṇa; for inferior grade, a quarter (paṇa). For coarse cloth, (the wage is) one māṣaka or two māṣakas; for red-dyed items, double (the respective rate).

Word by Word

• परार्ध्यानाम्: of the highest-grade (workers/servants)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: परार्ध्य
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (सम्बन्धे); विशेषण-प्रयोगः (परार्ध्य-जन/वर्ग)

• पणः: one paṇa (as wage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; वेतनस्य परिमाण-निर्देशः

• वेतनम्: wage, remuneration
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेतन
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; विधेय/उद्देश्य-शब्दः

• मध्यमानाम्: of the middle-grade (workers/servants)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (सम्बन्धे); विशेषण-प्रयोगः (मध्यम-वर्ग)

• अर्धपणः: half a paṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्धपण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; अर्ध + पण (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-समासार्थः: पणस्य अर्धः)

• प्रत्यवराणाम्: of the lower-grade (workers/servants)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्रत्यवर
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (सम्बन्धे); विशेषण-प्रयोगः (न्यून/अधम-वर्ग)

• पादः: a quarter (of a paṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; परिमाण-निर्देशः (चतुर्थांश)

• स्थूलकानाम्: of the coarse/heavy-labour class
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: स्थूलक
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (सम्बन्धे); विशेषण-प्रयोगः (स्थूलक-वर्ग)

• माषकद्विमाषकम्: (either) one māṣaka or two māṣakas (as wage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माषक-द्विमाषक
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (समाहार-द्वन्द्वः); माषक + द्विमाषक (1 māṣaka and 2 māṣakas)

• द्विगुणम्: double (thereof)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: द्विगुण
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; द्वि + गुण (द्विगुण = twofold)

• रक्तकानाम्: of raktakas (a small coin unit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्तक
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (सम्बन्धे); मुद्रा-नाम

Entities Mentioned

• paṇa
• māṣaka
• cloth grades

More Details

FAQs

What governance logic underlies a graded wage schedule?

It standardizes payments across the market, reduces bargaining disputes, and ties remuneration to quality/complexity to discourage under-processing and fraud.