Sutra 7

Devanagari script

परभार्यावकाशदाने शत्यो दण्डः अन्यत्रापद्भ्यः ॥ कZ_०३.४.०७ ॥

Transliteration

parabhāryāvakāśadāne śatyo daṇḍaḥ anyatrāpadbhyaḥ

Translation

For providing access/opportunity to another man’s wife, the penalty is one hundred (paṇas); except in situations of emergency (āpads).

Word by Word

• परभार्या: another man’s wife
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपद); पर- = अन्यस्य (genitive sense)

• अवकाश: opportunity, occasion, access
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवकाश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (अवकाशे) — locative in a compound-like construction with दाने

• दाने: in giving/granting
• Type: Verbal noun (action noun)
• Root: दा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (दान-शब्दः); ‘दाने’ = ‘in the act of giving/granting’

• शत्यः: one-hundred (as the amount)
• Type: Numeral/Adjective (used as noun)
• Root: शत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: punishment; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विधेय (predicate)

• अन्यत्र: except; otherwise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अव्यय; ‘except/otherwise’

• आपद्भ्यः: from emergencies; in cases of emergency
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपद्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी बहुवचन; ‘from/than emergencies’ (ablative of exception)

Entities Mentioned

• parabhāryā (another man’s wife)
• āpada (emergency)

More Details

FAQs

What conduct is punished in 3.4.07?

Facilitating illicit access to another man’s wife—i.e., enabling meetings/entry or creating opportunity.

Why does the text add an emergency exception?

Kauṭilya’s legal policy allows necessity (āpada) to override strict liability where the act is compelled by distress or safety concerns.