Adhyaya 3

Sutra 1

द्वादशवर्षा स्त्री प्राप्तव्यवहारा भवति षोडशवर्षः पुमान् ॥ कZ_०३.३.०१ ॥

A female becomes eligible for legally recognized dealings at twelve years; a male at sixteen.

Sutra 2

अत ऊर्ध्वमशुश्रूषायां द्वादशपणः स्त्रिया दण्डः पुंसो द्विगुणः । इति शुश्रूषा ॥ कZ_०३.३.०२ ॥

Thereafter, for failure to render due service/attendance, the penalty is 12 paṇas for a woman, and twice that for a man. This is the rule regarding ‘service/attendance’ (śuśrūṣā).

Sutra 3

भर्मण्यायामनिर्दिष्टकालायां ग्रासाच्छादनं वाधिकं यथापुरुषपरिवापं सविशेषं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.०३ ॥

When maintenance is due and no time-period has been specified, he shall provide food and clothing, with additional support proportionate to the person’s standard/requirements, with appropriate special provisions.

Sutra 4

निर्दिष्टकालायां तदेव संख्याय बन्धं च दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.०४ ॥

When a time-period has been specified, he shall provide exactly that amount as reckoned, and also furnish security/bond.

Sutra 5

शुल्कस्त्रीधनाधिवेदनिकानामनादाने च ॥ कZ_०३.३.०५ ॥

And (the rules apply) also in cases of non-payment/non-delivery of the bride-price (śulka), the woman’s property (strīdhana), and the settlement/gift connected with taking an additional wife (adhivedanika).

Sutra 6

श्वशुरकुलप्रविष्टायां विभक्तायां वा नाभियोज्यः पतिः । इति भर्म ॥ कZ_०३.३.०६ ॥

If she has entered her father-in-law’s household, or if she is living separately, the husband is not to be proceeded against (on that head). This is the rule under maintenance (bharma).

Sutra 7

नष्टे विनष्टे न्यङ्गे अपितृके अमातृके इत्यनिर्देशेन विनयग्राहणम् ॥ कZ_०३.३.०७ ॥

In cases such as being missing, ruined/without means, disabled, without a father, or without a mother—stated generally without further specification—disciplinary custody/guardianship is to be taken up (vinaya-grāhaṇa).

Sutra 8

वेणुदलरज्जुहस्तानामन्यतमेन वा पृष्ठे त्रिराघातः ॥ कZ_०३.३.०८ ॥

With any one of these—split bamboo, rope, or the hand—three strikes on the back (is the prescribed limit).

Sutra 9

तस्यातिक्रमे वाग्दण्डपारुष्यदण्डाभ्यामर्धदण्डाः ॥ कZ_०३.३.०९ ॥

If that limit is exceeded, penalties apply at half the rate of the fines prescribed for verbal abuse (vāgdaṇḍa) and physical assault (pāruṣyadaṇḍa).

Sutra 10

तदेव स्त्रिया भर्तरि प्रसिद्धदोषायाः ॥ कZ_०३.३.१० ॥

The same (rule/penalty just stated) applies when it is the wife who is at fault toward her husband, with a fault that is publicly established/known.

Sutra 11

ईर्ष्यया बाह्यविहारेषु द्वारेष्वत्ययो यथानिर्दिष्टः । इति पारुष्यम् ॥ कZ_०३.३.११ ॥

When, out of jealousy, (abuse/assault occurs) during outings outside or at doorways, the prescribed penalty increment applies as already stated. This is treated under ‘pāruṣya’ (abusive/violent conduct).

Sutra 12

भर्तारं द्विषती स्त्री सप्तार्तवान्यमण्डयमाना तदानीमेव स्थाप्याभरणं निधाय भर्तारमन्यया सह शयानमनुशयीत ॥ कZ_०३.३.१२ ॥

A wife who hates her husband—for example, not adorning herself for seven menstrual periods and then, at that very time, putting on ornaments—shall be deemed culpable if she lies down (to provoke/affront) when the husband is lying with another woman.

Sutra 13

भिक्षुक्यन्वाधिज्ञातिकुलानामन्यतमे वा भर्ता द्विषन् स्त्रियमेकामनुशयीत ॥ कZ_०३.३.१३ ॥

A husband who hates (his wife) commits culpable conduct if he makes a woman lie down (in bed) with anyone connected with mendicants, attendants/dependents, relatives, or clan-groups (as an act of humiliation or coercion).

Sutra 14

दृष्टलिङ्गे मैथुनापहारे सवर्णापसर्पोपगमे वा मिथ्यावादी द्वादशपणं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.१४ ॥

Where visible signs are present—whether alleging sexual violation/forcible intercourse, abduction for intercourse, or elopement/going to another of the same varṇa—one who speaks falsely shall pay a fine of twelve paṇas.

Sutra 15

अमोक्ष्या भर्तुरकामस्य द्विषती भार्या भार्यायाश्च भर्ता ॥ कZ_०३.३.१५ ॥

A wife who hates (her husband) cannot be released if the husband does not desire separation; likewise, the husband cannot be released against the wife’s will.

Sutra 16

परस्परं द्वेषान्मोक्षः ॥ कZ_०३.३.१६ ॥

When hatred is mutual, separation (mokṣa) is allowed.

Sutra 17

स्त्रीविप्रकाराद्वा पुरुषश्चेन्मोक्षमिच्छेद् यथागृहीतमस्यै दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.१७ ॥

If, due to the wife’s misconduct, the husband seeks separation, he shall return to her whatever he had received from her (as taken/accepted).

Sutra 18

पुरुषविप्रकाराद्वा स्त्री चेन्मोक्षमिच्छेन्नास्यै यथागृहीतं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.१८ ॥

If, due to the husband’s misconduct, the wife seeks separation, he should not give her back what he had received (from her), as per the rule stated here.

Sutra 19

अमोक्षो धर्मविवाहानाम् । इति द्वेषः ॥ कZ_०३.३.१९ ॥

There is no separation (mokṣa) for dharma-marriages (dharmavivāha). Thus ends (the topic of) ‘dveṣa’ (marital enmity).

Sutra 20

प्रतिषिद्धा स्त्री दर्पमद्यक्रीडायां त्रिपणं दण्डं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.२० ॥

A woman under prohibition/restriction, if found engaging in vanity/ornamental display, intoxication, or recreational revelry, shall pay a fine of three paṇas.

Sutra 21

दिवा स्त्रीप्रेक्षाविहारगमने षट्पणो दण्डः पुरुषप्रेक्षाविहारगमने द्वादशपणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२१ ॥

By day, going to a women’s viewing/entertainment promenade entails a fine of six paṇas; going to a men’s viewing/entertainment promenade entails a fine of twelve paṇas.

Sutra 22

रात्रौ द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२२ ॥

At night, the penalty is doubled.

Sutra 23

सुप्तमत्तप्रव्रजने भर्तुरदाने च द्वारस्य द्वादशपणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२३ ॥

For leaving the house while the husband is asleep or intoxicated, and for going out without the husband’s consent/permission, the doorkeeper/household gate is liable to a fine of twelve paṇas.

Sutra 24

रात्रौ निष्कसने द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२४ ॥

For going out at night, the penalty is doubled.

Sutra 25

स्त्रीपुंसयोर्मैथुनार्थेनाङ्गविचेष्टायां रहोऽश्लीलसम्भाषायां वा चतुर्विंशतिपणः स्त्रिया दण्डः पुंसो द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२५ ॥

If a woman and a man engage in bodily gestures intended for sexual intercourse, or hold obscene conversation in private, the woman is fined twenty-four paṇas; the man is fined double.

Sutra 26

केशनीविदन्तनखालम्बनेषु पूर्वः साहसदण्डः पुंसो द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२६ ॥

For seizing hair, clothing/waistband, biting with the teeth, or scratching with the nails, the fine is the “first-grade” sāhasa penalty; for a man it is doubled.

Sutra 27

शङ्कितस्थाने सम्भाषायां च पणस्थाने शिफादण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२७ ॥

For conversing in a suspicious place, the penalty is a śiphā-daṇḍa; in a gambling/coin-place, the penalty is one paṇa.

Sutra 28

स्त्रीणां ग्राममध्ये चण्डालः पक्षान्तरे पञ्चशिफा दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.३.२८ ॥

If a caṇḍāla is found among women in the middle of the village, he shall, at the end of the fortnight, pay five śiphās.

Sutra 29

पणिकं वा प्रहारं मोक्षयेत् । इत्यतीचारः ॥ कZ_०३.३.२९ ॥

Or he may be let off with a monetary payment or with a beating; this is treated as an atīcāra (an excess/irregularity).

Sutra 30

प्रतिषिद्धयोः स्त्रीपुंसयोरन्योन्योपकारे क्षुद्रकद्रव्याणां द्वादशपणो दण्डः स्थूलकद्रव्याणां चतुर्विंशतिपणः हिरण्यसुवर्णयोश्चतुष्पञ्चाशत्पणः स्त्रिया दण्डः पुंसोर्द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०३.३.३० ॥

When a prohibited man and woman engage in mutual gratification/transaction, the fine is 12 paṇas for petty articles, 24 paṇas for substantial articles, and 54 paṇas when the consideration is gold/silver; the woman pays the stated fine, and the man pays double.

Sutra 31

त एवागम्ययोरर्धदण्डाः तथा प्रतिषिद्धपुरुषव्यवहारेषु च । इति प्रतिषेधः ॥ कZ_०३.३.३१ ॥

For ‘unapproachable/forbidden’ unions, these same fines are reduced by half; likewise, the rule applies in dealings involving prohibited men. This concludes the prohibition-rule.

Sutra 32

स्त्रीधनानीतशुल्कानामस्वाम्यं जायते स्त्रियाः ॥ कZ_०३.३.३२च्द् ॥

In such cases, the woman loses ownership rights over her strīdhana and over the śulka (marital payment) that had been brought/received.