Sutra 15

Devanagari script

संदिष्टमर्थमप्रयच्छतो भ्रातृभार्यां हस्तेन लङ्घयतो रूपाजीवामन्योपरुद्धां गच्छतः परवक्तव्यं पण्यं क्रीणानस्य समुद्रं गृहमुद्भिन्दतः सामन्तचत्वारिंशत्कुल्याबाधामाचरतश्चाष्टचत्वारिंशत्पणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.२०.१५ ॥

Transliteration

saṃdiṣṭamarthamaprayacchato bhrātṛbhāryāṃ hastena laṅghayato rūpājīvāmanyoparuddhāṃ gacchataḥ paravaktavyaṃ paṇyaṃ krīṇānasya samudraṃ gṛhamudbhindataḥ sāmantacatvāriṃśatkulyābādhāmācarataścāṣṭacatvāriṃśatpaṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

For not delivering what was specifically commissioned/ordered; for making improper physical contact with one’s brother’s wife; for going to a courtesan/actress maintained under another’s control; for purchasing goods that are forbidden to be traded/alienated by the seller; for breaking into a house; and for causing obstruction/damage to a neighbour’s watercourse/irrigation channel—the fine is 48 paṇas.

Word by Word

• संदिष्टम्: entrusted / ordered
• Type: Participle
• Root: संदिश्
• Form: कर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (अर्थम् इति)

• अर्थम्: the matter / property (entrusted)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• अप्रयच्छतः: of one who does not deliver/hand over
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: प्र-यम् (प्रयच्छति)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन (पुं/नपुं), ‘of one who does not hand over’

• भ्रातृभार्याम्: brother’s wife
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ + भार्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• हस्तेन: with the hand
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया

• लङ्घयतः: of one who violates / oversteps
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: लङ्घ्
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन, ‘of one who transgresses/violates’

• रूपाजीवाम्: a courtesan/prostitute
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप + आजीवा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• अन्यया: by another (woman/person)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया

• उपरुद्धाम्: restrained / detained / obstructed
• Type: Participle
• Root: उप-रुध्
• Form: कर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (रूपाजीवाम् इति)

• गच्छतः: of one who goes (to/approaches)
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: गम्
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन, ‘of one who goes/approaches’

• परवक्तव्यम्: to be reported/declared to another (rightful party/authority)
• Type: Adjectival noun (Gerundive)
• Root: पर + वक्तव्य
• Form: कृदन्त (तव्यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘to be declared as belonging to another / to be reported to another’ (contextual)

• पण्यम्: merchandise / goods for sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• क्रीणानस्य: of one who buys
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: क्री (क्रीणाति)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शानच्), आत्मनेपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन, ‘of one who is buying’

• समुद्रम्: the sea
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• गृहम्: a house
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• उद्भिन्दतः: of one who breaks open
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: उद्-भिद्
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन, ‘of one who breaks open’

• सामन्तचत्वारिंशत्कुल्याबाधाम्: obstruction of a neighbour’s forty-kulya watercourse
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्त + चत्वारिंशत् + कुल्या + बाधा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘(the act of) obstructing the neighbour’s forty-kulya (watercourse/irrigation measure)’

• आचरतः: of one who commits/practises
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: आ-चर्
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी एकवचन, ‘of one who commits/practises (it)’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अष्टचत्वारिंशत्पणः: a fine of forty-eight paṇas
• Type: Numeral + Noun
• Root: अष्टचत्वारिंशत् + पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; ‘a fine of 48 paṇas’ (पणः = दण्ड-परिमाण-नाम)

• दण्डः: penalty / fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा

Entities Mentioned

• commissioning party
• brother’s wife
• rūpājīvā (courtesan/performer)
• neighbour
• householder
• market actors (buyer/seller)

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy logic of grouping these offences under one fine level?

They are treated as medium-severity harms: undermining contractual trust, family order, protected relationships, market integrity, household security, and shared irrigation infrastructure.

Why penalize buying ‘forbidden/encumbered’ goods?

To suppress secondary markets in disputed or inalienable property and reduce incentives for fraud and dispossession.