Sutra 19

Devanagari script

नानर्णसमवाये तु नैकं द्वौ युगपदभिवदेयातामन्यत्र प्रतिष्ठमानात् ॥ कZ_०३.११.१९ ॥

Transliteration

nānarṇasamavāye tu naikaṃ dvau yugapadabhivadeyātām anyatra pratiṣṭhamānāt

Translation

In a debt case involving multiple debtors/creditors, two persons shall not simultaneously address (plead before) the court for one side; except where a duly authorized representative is formally appointed.

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Particle
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• अनर्ण-समवाये: in a debt-free transaction/association
• Type: Noun
• Root: समवाय
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचन; समवाय-शब्दः (m.) ‘समवाय’ + उपपद-विशेषण ‘अनर्ण’ (debt-free)

• तु: but / however
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)

• न: not
• Type: Particle
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• एकम्: one (alone)
• Type: Numeral/Pronoun-adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचन नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘one (person/thing)’

• द्वौ: two
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वि
• Form: प्रथमा द्विवचन पुल्लिङ्ग (also used as numeral ‘two’)

• युगपत्: simultaneously
• Type: Adverb
• Root: युगपत्
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (simultaneously)

• अभिवदेयाताम्: should (the two) address/salute
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि√वद्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; 3rd person द्विवचन; ‘they two should address/salute’

• अन्यत्र: except / otherwise
• Type: Adverb/Particle
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अपवादार्थक-अव्यय (except/otherwise)

• प्रतिष्ठमानात्: from (i.e., in the case of) one who is established/senior
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: प्रति√स्था
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त), पुल्लिङ्ग; पञ्चमी एकवचन; ‘from one who is standing/established (in rank/position)’

Entities Mentioned

• court (vyavahāra)
• party/side in litigation
• authorized representative

More Details

FAQs

What administrative problem does this rule prevent?

It prevents disorder and contradictory statements by ensuring a single, accountable voice per party, unless a formally recognized representative is appointed.