Sutra 14
Devanagari script
स्वयमन्यैर्वा राजद्रव्याणामुपभोजनमुपभोगः ॥ कZ_०२.८.१४ ॥
Transliteration
svayam anyair vā rājadravyāṇām upabhojanam upabhogaḥ
Translation
‘Upabhoga’ (misuse) is the consumption or use of royal property—by oneself or through others.
Word by Word
स्वयम्personally; oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
Formअव्यय (निपात/क्रियाविशेषण); ‘स्वतः/स्वयमेव’ अर्थे
अन्यैःby others; through other persons
अन्यैः:
TypeNoun/Pronoun (adjectival)
Rootअन्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; ‘अन्य’ (पर) शब्दः
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (or)
राजद्रव्याणाम्of the king’s/state property (treasury assets)
राजद्रव्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजद्रव्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन; ‘राज्ञः द्रव्याणि’ = राजकोष/राजस्वसम्बद्धानि द्रव्याणि
उपभोजनम्consuming/using up (state property), esp. as ‘eating/maintenance’ consumption
उपभोजनम्:
TypeVerbal noun (action noun)
Rootउपभोजन् (उप + भुज्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘उपभोजन’ = उप + भुज् धातोः भाव/क्रियानाम (भोजन/भोग-रूप उपयोजन)
उपभोगः(this is called) ‘use/enjoyment’—i.e., misappropriative use of state property
उपभोगः:
TypeNoun
Rootउपभोग
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; परिभाषार्थे (definition): ‘उपभोजनम् … उपभोगः’
Entities Mentioned
R
rājadravya (state goods)O
official/agent (implied)P
proxy/associate (implied)FAQs
To close the loophole of indirect benefit—treating proxy enjoyment as equivalent to direct misuse in enforcement.