Sutra 11

Devanagari script

ततः परं नगरधान्यव्यावहारिककार्मान्तिकबलाध्यक्षाः पक्वान्नसुरामांसपण्या रूपाजीवास्तालावचरा वैश्याश्च दक्षिणां दिशमधिवसेयुः ॥ कZ_०२.४.११ ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ paraṃ nagaradhānyavyāvahārikakārmāntikabalādhyakṣāḥ pakvānnasurāmāṃsapaṇyā rūpājīvās tālāvacarā vaiśyāś ca dakṣiṇāṃ diśam adhivaseyuḥ

Translation

Next, in the southern direction should reside: the superintendents of the city, grain, trade/transactions, manufactures, and forces; sellers of cooked food, liquor, and meat; entertainers/prostitutes (those living by beauty); itinerant performers; and merchants (Vaiśyas).

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter; then
• Type: Pronoun (Adverbial)
• Root: तद्
• Form: ablative singular (तस्मात्) used adverbially = 'thereafter/then'

• परम्: next; further on
• Type: Adjective/Adverb
• Root: पर
• Form: accusative singular neuter used adverbially = 'further/next'

• नगर: city; town
• Type: Noun
• Root: नगर
• Form: stem in compound; base member meaning 'city'

• धान्य: grain; cereals
• Type: Noun
• Root: धान्य
• Form: stem in compound; 'grain'

• व्यावहारिक: pertaining to transactions/legal dealings
• Type: Adjective (used as title)
• Root: व्यावहारिक
• Form: stem in compound; 'pertaining to transactions/litigation'

• कार्मान्तिक: connected with workshops/industrial works
• Type: Adjective (used as title)
• Root: कार्मान्तिक
• Form: stem in compound; 'connected with workshops/industrial establishments'

• बलाध्यक्षाः: superintendents/heads of the forces
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्यक्ष
• Form: nominative plural masculine; 'superintendents/heads' of बल (forces)

• पक्वान्न: cooked food
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्वान्न
• Form: stem in compound; 'cooked food'

• सुरा: liquor; alcoholic drink
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुरा
• Form: stem in compound/list; feminine; 'liquor'

• मांस: meat
• Type: Noun
• Root: मांस
• Form: stem in compound/list; neuter; 'meat'

• पण्याः: vendors; dealers; traders
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य
• Form: nominative plural masculine; 'those whose goods are ...' i.e., sellers/dealers (here of cooked food, liquor, meat)

• रूपाजीवाः: those who earn a living by beauty; prostitutes/courtesans
• Type: Noun
• Root: आजीव
• Form: nominative plural masculine; 'those who live by (their) form/beauty'

• तालावचराः: pond-/tank-haunters; those who frequent ponds
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: अचर
• Form: nominative plural masculine; 'those who move about in/near ponds'

• वैश्याः: Vaiśyas (commoners/merchant-agricultural class)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य
• Form: nominative plural masculine; members of the Vaiśya class

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: indeclinable conjunction

• दक्षिणाम्: southern
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दक्षिण
• Form: accusative singular feminine agreeing with दिशम्

• दिशम्: direction; quarter
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश्
• Form: accusative singular feminine; object of अधिवसेयुः

• अधिवसेयुः: should reside; should be settled
• Type: Verb
• Root: वस्
• Form: 3rd person plural, optative (vidhi-liṅ), parasmaipada; with prefix अधि-; 'should reside/inhabit'

Entities Mentioned

• Nagarādhyakṣa (city superintendent)
• Dhānyādhyakṣa (grain superintendent)
• Vyāvahārikādhyakṣa (trade/transactions superintendent)
• Kārmāntikādhyakṣa (manufactures/workshops superintendent)
• Balādhyakṣa (forces superintendent)
• Food/liquor/meat vendors
• Rūpājīvāḥ
• Vaiśyas

More Details

FAQs

What administrative intent is served by placing liquor/meat vendors and entertainers in one direction?

It enables concentrated supervision, taxation, sanitation control, and policing of disorder-prone activities, lowering monitoring costs and improving enforceability.