Sutra 4

Devanagari script

कूटमुद्राणां शुल्काष्टगुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०२.२१.०४ ॥

Transliteration

kūṭamudrāṇāṃ śulkāṣṭaguṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

For forged seals, the fine shall be eight times the customs duty.

Word by Word

• कूटमुद्राणाम्: of forged seals / of counterfeit seals
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्रा (with उपपद/विशेषण: कूट-)
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (Genitive Pl.); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (मुद्रा)

• शुल्काष्टगुणः: eight times the duty/fee
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: शुल्क + अष्ट + गुण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; पुल्लिङ्ग; दण्डः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: the penalty/fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; पुल्लिङ्ग; कर्तृ/विधेय (predicate nominative): ‘(is) the penalty/fine’

Entities Mentioned

• forgers
• customs authority
• state seal system

More Details

FAQs

Why is the penalty for forged seals much higher than for missing seals?

Forgery attacks the state's authentication infrastructure itself, enabling systematic evasion and corruption; hence a stronger deterrent is mandated.