Sutra 12

Devanagari script

तदेव निविष्टपण्यस्य भाण्डस्य हीनप्रतिवर्णकेनार्घापकर्षणे सारभाण्डस्य फल्गुभाण्डेन प्रतिच्छादने च कुर्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.२१.१२ ॥

Transliteration

tadeva niviṣṭapaṇyasya bhāṇḍasya hīnaprativarṇakenārghāpakarṣaṇe sārabhāṇḍasya phalgubhāṇḍena praticchādane ca kuryāt

Translation

The same penalty shall apply when, after goods have been entered/registered, one reduces the assessed price by presenting an inferior sample/colour-match, or when one conceals superior-quality goods by covering them with inferior goods.

Word by Word

• तत्: that (same item)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (अत्र ‘तदेव’ इति समासवत् प्रयोगः)

• एव: indeed/only/same
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: निपात; अव्यय

• निविष्ट-पण्यस्य: of goods put up/placed for sale
• Type: Noun (Genitive)
• Root: निविश् + पण्यम्
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक; एकवचन; षष्ठी; ‘पण्य’ = विक्रयार्थं स्थापित/प्रविष्ट वस्तु

• भाण्डस्य: of the merchandise/article
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाण्ड
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; षष्ठी

• हीन-प्रतिवर्णकेन: by means of an inferior grade/quality-standard (label)
• Type: Noun (Instrumental)
• Root: हीन + प्रतिवर्णक
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया; ‘प्रतिवर्णक’ = प्रतिरूप/वर्ण-गुण-समतुल्यतामापक (standard of quality/grade)

• अर्घ-अपकर्षणे: in (the act of) reducing the price/value
• Type: Noun (Locative)
• Root: अर्घ + अपकर्षण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी; ‘अर्घ’ = मूल्य; ‘अपकर्षण’ = घटाना/कम करना

• सार-भाण्डस्य: of genuine/high-quality merchandise
• Type: Noun (Genitive)
• Root: सार + भाण्ड
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; षष्ठी; ‘सार’ = उत्तम/शुद्ध/श्रेष्ठ

• फल्गु-भाण्डेन: with inferior/low-quality goods
• Type: Noun (Instrumental)
• Root: फल्गु + भाण्ड
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया; ‘फल्गु’ = तुच्छ/निकृष्ट/कम-गुण

• प्रतिच्छादने: in (the act of) covering/concealing (i.e., disguising)
• Type: Noun (Locative)
• Root: प्रति + छद् (छादन)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी; भाववाचक संज्ञा

• च: and
• Type: Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• कुर्यात्: should do/should proceed (take action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• merchant/trader
• market authority (implicit)

More Details

FAQs

What forms of commercial deception are targeted here?

Lowering the assessed price using an inferior sample and hiding superior goods under inferior goods—both distort fair valuation and inspection.