Sutra 12

Devanagari script

कालकूटवत्सनाभहालाहलमेषशृङ्गमुस्ताकुष्ठमहाविषवेल्लितकगौरार्द्रबालकमार्कटहैमवतकालिङ्गकदारदकाङ्कोलसारकोष्ट्रकादीनि विषाणि सर्पाः कीटाश्च त एव कुम्भगताः विषवर्गः ॥ कZ_०२.१७.१२ ॥

Transliteration

kālakūṭavatsanābhahālāhalameṣaśṛṅgamustākuṣṭhamahāviṣavellitakagaurārdrabālakamārkaṭahaimavatakāliṅgakadāradakāṅkolasārakoṣṭrakādīni viṣāṇi sarpāḥ kīṭāś ca ta eva kumbhagatāḥ viṣavargaḥ

Translation

Kālakūṭa, vatsanābha, hālāhala, meṣaśṛṅga, mustā, kuṣṭha, mahāviṣa, vellitaka, gaura, ārdrabālaka, mārkaṭa, haimavata, kāliṅga, dārada, kāṅkola, sāraka, koṣṭraka, and the like—together with serpents and insects of those kinds when kept in jars—constitute the “poison category”.

Word by Word

• कालकूटवत्सनाभहालाहलमेषशृङ्गमुस्ताकुष्ठमहाविषवेल्लितकगौरार्द्रबालकमार्कटहैमवतकालिङ्गकदारदकाङ्कोलसारकोष्ट्रकादीनि: (the following) poisons: kālakūṭa, vatsanābha, hālāhala, meṣaśṛṅga, mustā, kuṣṭha, mahāviṣa, vellitaka, gaura, ārdrabālaka, mārkaṭa, haimavata, kāliṅga, dārada, kāṅkola, sāra, koṣṭraka, etc.
• Type: Noun
• Root: (समास; बहूनि नामपदानि)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘विषाणि’ इत्यस्य विशेषणरूपेण सूची

• विषाणि: poisons
• Type: Noun
• Root: √विष् (हिंसायाम्) → विष (नाम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• सर्पाः: snakes
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्प (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• कीटाः: insects
• Type: Noun
• Root: कीट (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• ते: those
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘सर्पाः कीटाः’ इत्यस्य निर्देशः

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय

• कुम्भगताः: kept/placed in a jar (jar-contained)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √गम् (गतौ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘गत’

• विषवर्गः: the class/category of poisons
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ग (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• kālakūṭa
• vatsanābha
• hālāhala
• meṣaśṛṅga
• mustā
• kuṣṭha
• mahāviṣa
• vellitaka
• gaura
• ārdrabālaka
• mārkaṭa
• haimavata
• kāliṅga
• dārada
• kāṅkola
• sāraka
• koṣṭraka
• sarpāḥ (snakes)
• kīṭāḥ (insects)

More Details

FAQs

Why mention ‘kumbhagatāḥ’ (kept in jars) for snakes/insects?

It signals custody and containment: dangerous biological agents are treated as inventory only when secured, enabling accountability and preventing misuse.

What governance risk is being managed by a ‘viṣa-varga’?

Assassination, sabotage, and accidental poisoning; classification supports licensing, guarded storage, and audit of withdrawals.