Sutra 39

Devanagari script

राज्ञः समीपे वरकारमाह प्रज्ञापनैषा विविधोपदिष्टा ॥ कZ_०२.१०.३९च्द् ॥

Transliteration

rājñaḥ samīpe varakāram āha prajñāpanaiṣā vividhopadiṣṭā

Translation

In the king’s presence, the designated presenter (varakāra) states this formal submission (prajñāpana), as instructed in various approved forms.

Word by Word

• राज्ञः: of the king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम्

• समीपे: near; in the presence (of)
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: समीप
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (अव्ययीभावार्थे/स्थानवाचक-प्रयोगः)

• वरकारम्: the suitor (the bridegroom’s side)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरकार
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम्

• आह: said; declared
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (ब्रू/अह्-धातु, ‘to say’)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट्), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्, परस्मैपदम्

• प्रज्ञापना: a formal statement/notification
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रज्ञापना
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, स्त्रीलिङ्गम्

• एषा: this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, स्त्रीलिङ्गम्

• विविधोपदिष्टा: taught/instructed in various ways; variously prescribed
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: उपदिश्
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘विविधया प्रकारेण उपदिष्टा’

Entities Mentioned

• rājan (king)
• varakāra (presenter/intermediary)
• prajñāpana (formal submission)

More Details

FAQs

Why would Arthashastra prescribe a designated presenter in the king’s presence?

To control messaging, reduce manipulation, ensure consistent phrasing, and create accountability for what is placed on record before the sovereign.