Sutra 2
Devanagari script
शूद्रकर्षकप्रायं कुलशतावरं पञ्चकुलशतपरं ग्रामं क्रोशद्विक्रोशसीमानमन्योन्यारक्षं निवेशयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.०१.०२ ॥
Transliteration
śūdrakarṣakaprāyaṃ kulaśatāvaraṃ pañcakulaśataparaṃ grāmaṃ krośadvikrośasīmānam anyonyārakṣaṃ niveśayet
Translation
He should establish villages predominantly of śūdra cultivators, with not less than one hundred households and not more than five hundred households, with boundaries at one or two krośas, arranged so that they can mutually protect one another.
Word by Word
शूद्रŚūdra (laboring class)
शूद्र:
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
कर्षकfarmer, cultivator
कर्षक:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्षक
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
प्रायम्mostly, predominantly
प्रायम्:
TypeAdjective/Indeclinable (used adverbially)
Rootप्राय
Formअव्यय; ‘मुख्यतः/बहुलम्’ अर्थे
कुलfamily, household
कुल:
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
शतhundred
शत:
TypeNumeral (Noun)
Rootशत
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
आवरम्bounded by, up to (a limit)
आवरम्:
TypeAdjective (Noun-like)
Rootआवर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘आवर’ = परिमाण/सीमा/पर्यन्त (समासोत्तरपद)
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्च
Formअव्यय (संख्यावाचक)
कुलfamily, household
कुल:
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
शतhundred
शत:
TypeNumeral (Noun)
Rootशत
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
परम्at most, not beyond
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘पर’ = beyond/at most (समासोत्तरपद)
ग्रामम्village, settlement
ग्रामम्:
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्म (निवेशयेत्)
क्रोशkrośa (a measure of distance)
क्रोश:
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोश
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
द्विtwo
द्वि:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्वि
Formअव्यय (संख्यावाचक)
क्रोशkrośa (distance measure)
क्रोश:
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोश
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
सीमानम्having boundaries/limits; bounded
सीमानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसीमन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण (ग्रामम्) / ‘सीमान’ = सीमायुक्तम् (समासोत्तरपद)
अन्योन्यmutual, reciprocal
अन्योन्य:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्योन्य
Formअव्ययीभाव-प्राय विशेषण; (समासपूर्वपद) ‘mutual’
आरक्षम्protection, guarding; mutually protected
आरक्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआरक्ष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण (ग्रामम्) / ‘guarded/protected’
निवेशयेत्should settle/establish (a village)
निवेशयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि√विश्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense in usage: ‘cause to settle/establish’
Entities Mentioned
G
grāma (village)Ś
śūdraK
karṣaka (cultivator)K
krośa (distance measure)FAQs
To balance administrative manageability, tax productivity, and defensive capacity without creating unwieldy or too-weak units.
A networked security model: villages are spaced and structured to provide rapid support, surveillance, and deterrence.