Sutra 9

Devanagari script

अभ्यन्तरकोपशङ्कायां शङ्कितानादाय यायात्बाह्यकोपशङ्कायां वा पुत्रदारमेषाम् ॥ कZ_०९.३.०९ ॥

Transliteration

abhyantara-kopa-śaṅkāyāṃ śaṅkitān ādāya yāyāt; bāhya-kopa-śaṅkāyāṃ vā putra-dāram eṣām

Translation

If internal hostility is suspected, he should march only after taking the suspected persons with him; if external hostility is suspected, he should instead take their sons and wives.

Word by Word

• अभ्यन्तर-कोप-शङ्कायाम्: when there is suspicion of internal revolt
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्का
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी; '...शङ्कायाम्' = '...के विषये शङ्का/आशङ्का' (locative of circumstance)

• शङ्कितान्: the suspected persons
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: शङ्क् (शङ्कते)
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त/क्त (past passive participle) from √शङ्क्; पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; द्वितीया; 'suspected (persons)'

• आदाय: having taken (them) along
• Type: Gerund
• Root: आ-दा (आदत्ते)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय; √दा with उपसर्ग आ-; 'having taken/after taking (along)'

• यायात्: he should go
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (याति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; 'he should go'

• बाह्य-कोप-शङ्कायाम्: or when there is suspicion of external revolt/hostility
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्का
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी; '...शङ्कायाम्' = '...के विषये शङ्का'

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: निपात; विकल्पार्थक (or)

• पुत्र-दारम्: (their) sons and wives
• Type: Noun
• Root: दार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया; 'पुत्राः च दाराः च' → समाहारार्थे एकवचनं; object of implied 'take/keep' with previous construction

• एषाम्: of them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (एतद्)
• Form: षष्ठी; बहुवचन; 'of these/of them' (referring to the suspected persons)

Entities Mentioned

• king
• suspected officials/subjects
• sons
• wives

More Details

FAQs

Why distinguish between taking suspects vs. taking their families?

Taking suspects removes active plotters from the capital; taking families deters or anchors them when the threat is from outside pressures or inducements.