Sutra 22

Devanagari script

राष्ट्रमुख्यान्तपालाटविकदण्डोपनतानामन्यतमकोपो बाह्यकोपः ॥ कZ_०९.३.२२ ॥

Transliteration

rāṣṭramukhyāntapālāṭavikadaṇḍopanatānām anyatamakopo bāhyakopaḥ

Translation

Resentment arising in any one among the provincial chiefs, frontier-guards, forest-tribal elements, or those coerced into submission is termed “external resentment” (bāhya-kopa).

Word by Word

• राष्ट्र: kingdom; realm; territory
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• मुख्य: chief; principal (officer)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: मुख्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• अन्तपाल: frontier-guard; border warden
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तपाल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• आटविक: forest chief; tribal/forest person
• Type: Noun
• Root: आटविक
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• दण्ड: punishment; coercive force; the rod (authority)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• उपनतानाम्: of those who have submitted; of the subjugated
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: उप-√नम्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); ‘उपनत’ = समर्पित/वशीभूत; षष्ठी बहुवचन (सम्बन्धे)

• अन्यतम: one of them; any one (among them)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्यतम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (विशेषण)

• कोपः: anger; hostility; resentment
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• बाह्य: external; outer
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाह्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (कोपः इति विशेषणम्)

• कोपः: hostility/anger (as predicate): ‘is external hostility’
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (विधेय)

Entities Mentioned

• rāṣṭramukhya
• antapāla
• āṭavika
• daṇḍopānata (coerced subjects)

More Details

FAQs

Why are 'daṇḍopanatāḥ' singled out for resentment risk?

Coerced compliance is brittle; it often persists as latent hostility that can be activated by rival powers or local grievances.