Sutra 18
Devanagari script
अपरुद्धादानं पारग्रामिकं वा योगमातिष्ठेत् ॥ कZ_०९.३.१८ ॥
Transliteration
aparuddhādānaṃ pāragrāmikaṃ vā yogam ātiṣṭhet
Translation
He should employ a stratagem (yoga) involving either (i) the seizure/withholding of what is to be given (payments, dues, supplies), or (ii) action through outsiders from another village/community (pāragrāmika agents).
Word by Word
अपरुद्ध-आदानम्seizure/collection (of goods/wealth) from one who has been blockaded/confined
अपरुद्ध-आदानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअपरुध् (उपसर्ग: अप) ; √दा (आ + दा)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘अपरुद्धस्य (शत्रोः) आदानम्’ इति विग्रहः
पारग्रामिकम्(an operation/levy) in the enemy’s village/foreign village
पारग्रामिकम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपार + ग्राम (ग्राम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘परग्रामसम्बन्धि/परग्रामे भवम्’ इत्यर्थे
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (either/or)
योगम्a stratagem/measure/expedient
योगम्:
TypeNoun
Root√युज् (युज्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘योग’ = उपाय/युक्ति/संयोग-रूपः उपायः
आतिष्ठेत्should undertake / should employ
आतिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + √स्था
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘आ-स्था’ = आरभेत/अनुष्ठेयात्/आश्रयेत्
Entities Mentioned
K
king/state (implicit)E
external local agents (pāragrāmika)FAQs
To apply controlled economic pressure—by withholding dues or supplies—to compel compliance or expose disloyalty without immediate overt force.
Outsiders reduce local collusion and can operate with plausible deniability, helping penetrate local networks or apply pressure without inflaming local solidarities.