Sutra 1

Devanagari script

मौलभृतकश्रेणीमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां समुद्दानकालाः ॥ कZ_०९.२.०१ ॥

Transliteration

maulabhṛtakaśreṇīmitrāmitrāṭavībalānāṃ samuddānakālāḥ

Translation

The occasions (proper timings/conditions) for employing the hereditary (standing) troops, hired troops, guild forces, allied forces, enemy forces, and forest forces are as follows.

Word by Word

• मौल: native/regular (belonging to the king’s own base)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: मूल
• Form: प्रातिपदिक: मौल (< मूल); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासपूर्वपद, ‘मौलभृतक’ इत्यस्य पूर्वाङ्गम्)

• भृतक: paid servant; mercenary (troops)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत (√भृ)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक: भृतक; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• श्रेणी: guild; corporate association
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रेणी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• मित्र: ally; friendly power
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• अमित्र: enemy; hostile power
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• आटवी: forest (tribal) forces; wilderness element
• Type: Noun
• Root: आटवी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• बल: forces; troops
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• समुद्दान: synoptic summary; enumerative heading
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्दान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (समासाङ्गम्)

• काल: times; occasions; timing
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; ‘समुद्दानकालाः’ इति समासे उत्तरपदम्

Entities Mentioned

• maula troops
• bhṛtaka troops
• śreṇī troops
• mitra (ally)
• amitra (enemy)
• āṭavī (forest polities/tribes)

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance logic behind listing troop categories with their 'kāla'?

It is a decision framework: troop types are instruments with different loyalty, cost, endurance, and political risk; each has a suitable deployment window.