Adhyaya 350
Forms Established by the suP (Nominal Case-Endings) — सुब्विभक्तसिद्धरूपम्
This chapter shifts from sandhi-based formations to nominal inflection. Skanda teaches Kātyāyana the two inflectional systems—suP for nominals and tiṅ for verbs—defining suP as the foundation of the seven vibhaktis, and listing the case-suffix sets for each. The discussion is grounded in prātipadika, the nominal base devoid of dhātu and verbal suffixes, and classifies stems as vowel-final (ajanta) or consonant-final (halanta), each with masculine/feminine/neuter types, including ‘nāyaka’ exemplars and many irregular or Vedic forms. A key doctrinal-technical link is made through kāraka semantics: nominative for own-meaning and address, accusative for karman (object), instrumental for karaṇa (instrument), dative for sampradāna (recipient), ablative for apādāna (source/separation), genitive for possession, and locative for adhikaraṇa (support/location). The latter half supplies paradigms and sample declensions (sakhā, pati, pitā, gauḥ, rājā, panthā, and pronouns ka/ayam/asau), emphasizing standard forms, exceptions, and proper usage in learned and ritual speech.
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Frequently Asked Questions
The chapter foregrounds suP-based nominal morphology: the precise suffix inventories for each vibhakti, the definition and classification of prātipadikas (ajanta/halanta; gendered), and kāraka-driven rules assigning cases by semantic role.
By disciplining speech through correct forms and semantic clarity, it supports accurate mantra and scripture usage, reduces interpretive error, and frames linguistic mastery as a dharmic practice—an Agneya Vidya that serves both worldly competence (bhukti) and spiritual refinement (mukti).