Shloka 43
आत्यन्तिक-लयहेतुः: तापत्रय-विवेचनम् तथा ‘भगवान्/वासुदेव’ शब्दार्थः
Threefold Suffering and the Path to Final Liberation; Meaning of Bhagavān and Vāsudeva
एतान्य् अन्यानि चोग्राणि दुःखानि मरणे नृणाम् शृणुष्व नरके यानि प्राप्यन्ते पुरुषैर् मृतैः
etāny anyāni cogrāṇi duḥkhāni maraṇe nṛṇām śṛṇuṣva narake yāni prāpyante puruṣair mṛtaiḥ
Diese und viele andere grimmige Leiden treffen den Menschen zur Stunde des Todes; höre nun von den Qualen der Höllenreiche, die die Menschen nach dem Sterben erreichen.
Sage Parāśara (in instruction to Maitreya)
FAQs
In this verse, Naraka functions as the post-death arena where karmic consequences become directly experienced—highlighting dharma as a real cosmic law within Vishnu’s ordered universe.
He frames them as multiple, severe pains that arise at death and continue as specific torments in hell-realms, presented didactically to Maitreya as a warning and moral instruction.
Even when Vishnu is not named in the verse, the teaching presupposes a universe ruled by a supreme moral order—where outcomes after death unfold under the sovereignty of the Supreme Reality upheld in Vaishnava theology.