Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 29

अर्जुनस्य अन्त्येष्टि, द्वारकाप्लावनम्, कलिप्रवेशः, कालोपदेशः

ततः सुदुःखितो जिष्णुः कष्टं कष्टम् इति ब्रुवन् अहो भगवता तेन मुक्तो ऽस्मीति रुरोद वै

tataḥ suduḥkhito jiṣṇuḥ kaṣṭaṃ kaṣṭam iti bruvan aho bhagavatā tena mukto 'smīti ruroda vai

Da wurde Jiṣṇu von tiefstem Schmerz überwältigt und wiederholte: „Weh, welch Leid, welch Leid!“ Doch als er die Gnade des Herrn erkannte, rief er: „Ah! Durch Ihn, den Bhagavān, bin ich befreit“, und er weinte.

ततःthen
ततः:
Adhikarana (Temporal/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb): then
सु-दुःखितःvery distressed
सु-दुःखितः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (अव्यय-उपसर्गवत्) + दुःखित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); कर्मधारय (very sorrowful)
जिष्णुःJiṣṇu (Arjuna)
जिष्णुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजिष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)
कष्टम्alas! hardship!
कष्टम्:
Karma (Utterance content/उक्ति-विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया (accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular); उक्ति-विषय (quoted exclamation)
कष्टम्alas!
कष्टम्:
Karma (Utterance content/उक्ति-विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया (accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular); पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/उक्ति-चिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
ब्रुवन्saying
ब्रुवन्:
Kriya (Concurrent action/सहकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु) → ब्रुवत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)
अहोah! oh!
अहो:
Sambandha (Exclamation/उद्गार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मय/शोकादि-उद्गार (interjection)
भगवताby the Lord
भगवता:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), तृतीया (instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (singular)
तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (singular)
मुक्तःfreed, released
मुक्तः:
Kriya (Result state/क्रिया-फल)
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (धातु) → मुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
Kriya (Copula/अस्ति-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (singular)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/उक्ति-चिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
रुरोदhe wept
रुरोद:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootरुद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis/निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-निपात (particle: indeed)

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

B
Bhagavān (Lord Vishnu)
J
Jiṣṇu

FAQs

The verse frames moksha as a direct result of Bhagavān’s intervention—sorrow remains humanly felt, but is resolved by recognizing divine release from bondage.

Through a psychological turn: the character voices distress (“kaṣṭam kaṣṭam”), then immediately attributes freedom to Bhagavān, showing that realization of the Lord’s grace transforms the meaning of suffering.

Vishnu is presented as Bhagavān—the sovereign, compassionate agent of emancipation—reinforcing a Vaishnava view where liberation is ultimately granted by the Supreme Lord’s grace.