Shloka 28

Dietary Rules & Purification — Dietary Rules, Purification (Śauca), and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

न जुहोत्युचिते काले न स्नाति न ददाति च पितृदेवार्चनाद्धीनः स षण्ढः परिगीयते

Transliteration

na juhotyucite kāle na snāti na dadāti ca pitṛdevārcanāddhīnaḥ sa ṣaṇḍhaḥ parigīyate

Translation

Er bringt zur rechten Zeit keine Opfergaben dar, badet nicht und gibt keine Gabe. Ohne Verehrung der Ahnen und der Götter wird er als ‘ṣaṇḍha’ bezeichnet (ein verächtlicher Name für einen, der für Dharma untauglich ist).

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)

• जुहोति: offers (in fire) / performs oblation
• जुहोति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हु (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• उचिते: at the proper
• उचिते: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उचित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; विशेषण (काले)

• काले: time
• काले: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• स्नाति: bathes
• स्नाति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• ददाति: gives (donates)
• ददाति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• पितृ-देव-अर्चनात्: from (the acts of) worship of ancestors and gods
• पितृ-देव-अर्चनात्: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ + देव + अर्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान/हेतु), एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व ("पितॄणां देवानां च अर्चनम्")

• हीनः: devoid (of)
• हीनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (सः)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• षण्ढः: a eunuch/impotent person
• षण्ढः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षण्ढ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• परिगीयते: is spoken of / is called
• परिगीयते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + गै (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speakers

• Ṛṣis (sages) speaking (broader frame not provided in input; often within Purāṇic dialogue such as Pulastya–Nārada)

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs
• Devas

Key Themes

• Nitya-karma (daily obligatory rites)
• Dāna (charity)
• Śauca (purificatory bathing)
• Pitṛ-yajña and Deva-yajña
• Moral censure of negligence

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is framed as sustained by regular, time-bound disciplines—worship, cleanliness, and generosity. Neglect of these is portrayed not merely as a private lapse but as a loss of religious competence and social-spiritual reliability.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

It functions as ācāra/dharma instruction rather than one of the five classical marks; Purāṇas frequently embed such normative lists alongside narrative sections.

What is the symbolic significance?

The term ‘ṣaṇḍha’ is symbolic rhetoric: a person who fails in the ‘productive’ duties of yajña, dāna, and worship is depicted as spiritually sterile—unable to generate merit (puṇya) or uphold lineage obligations (pitṛ-ṛṇa).