Shloka 18

मकराक्षस्य निर्गमनम्

The Deployment of Makaraksha and Ravana’s Fury

Devanagari script

तस्यतेरथसंयुक्ताहयाविक्रमवर्जिताः ।चरणैराकुलैर्गत्वादीनाःसास्रमुखाययुः ।।।।

Transliteration

tasya te rathasaṃyuktā hayā vikramavarjitāḥ |

caraṇair ākulair gatvā dīnāḥ sāsramukhā yayuḥ ||

Translation

Seine an den Wagen gespannten Rosse verloren ihren Mut; mit wirren, unsicheren Schritten zogen sie weiter, niedergeschlagen, die Gesichter tränenbenetzt.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन

• ते: those
• ते: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• रथसंयुक्ताः: yoked to the chariot
• रथसंयुक्ताः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथसंयुक्त (प्रातिपदिक: रथ + संयुक्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (रथेन संयुक्ताः) ‘yoked to the chariot’

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• विक्रमवर्जिताः: bereft of valor
• विक्रमवर्जिताः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विक्रमवर्जित (प्रातिपदिक: विक्रम + वर्जित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (विक्रमं वर्जिताः) ‘deprived of valor’

• चरणैः: with (their) feet/steps
• चरणैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया बहुवचन

• आकुलैः: confused/faltering
• आकुलैः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया बहुवचन; विशेषणम् चरणैः

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund); ‘having gone’

• दीनाः: wretched
• दीनाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; विशेषणम् हयाः

• सास्रमुखाः: tear-faced
• सास्रमुखाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सास्रमुख (प्रातिपदिक: स + अश्रु + मुख)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (अश्रुमुखाः सन्ति येषाम्) ‘with tearful faces’

• ययुः: went
• ययुः: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

"Son! commanded by me, you go accompanied by arm and kill the Vanaras, Raghava and Lakshmana aslo,

Characters & Entities

• Horses (hayāḥ)
• Chariot (ratha)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is portrayed as harmony; when a cause is unrighteous, even nature and animals reflect imbalance, signaling that moral disorder affects the whole world.

What is the narrative situation?

Further bad omens occur during the Rakṣasa mobilization: the horses weaken and proceed unwillingly.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity to signs and prudence—pausing to reassess rather than charging ahead blindly.