Shloka 21

सेनानिवेशः रामविलापश्च

Encampment on the Northern Shore; Rama’s Lament and Sandhyā

Devanagari script

कदाशोकमिमंघोरंमैथिलीविप्रयोगजम् ।सहसाविप्रमोक्ष्यामिवासश्शुक्लेतरंयथा ।।।।

Transliteration

kadā śokam imaṃ ghoraṃ maithilīviprayogajam |

sahasā vipramokṣyāmi vāsaḥ śukletaraṃ yathā ||

Translation

Wann werde ich jäh diesen furchtbaren Kummer, geboren aus der Trennung von Maithilī, abwerfen wie ein beflecktes Gewand?

Word by Word

• कदा: when
• कदा: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/temporal adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb: 'when')

• शोकम्: grief
• शोकम्: कर्म (Karma/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular)

• इमम्: this
• इमम्: कर्म (Karma/object; qualifier of शोकम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular); विशेषण (demonstrative)

• घोरम्: terrible
• घोरम्: कर्म (Karma/object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular); विशेषण (qualifier of शोकम्)

• मैथिली-विप्रयोग-जम्: born of separation from Maithili
• मैथिली-विप्रयोग-जम्: कर्म (Karma/object; qualifier of शोकम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक) + विप्रयोग (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √जन् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive determinative): 'मैथिल्याः विप्रयोगः' तस्मात् 'जम्' = 'born of separation from Maithili'

• सहसा: suddenly
• सहसा: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)

• विप्रमोक्ष्यामि: I shall cast off / abandon
• विप्रमोक्ष्यामि: कर्ता (Kartā/subject: 'I')
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + प्र + √मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद

• वासः: a garment
• वासः: उपमान (Upamāna/standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative, Singular)

• शुक्लेतरम्: non-white, soiled/dark
• शुक्लेतरम्: उपमान (Upamāna; qualifier of वासः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुक्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + इतर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative, Singular); कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः: 'शुक्लात् इतरम्' = 'other than white' (i.e., dark/soiled); विशेषण (qualifier of वासः)

• यथा: like/as
• यथा: उपमावाचक (marker of simile)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-वाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle: 'as/like')

Context

When will I get rid of this terrible grief of separation from Mythili for good, just like discarding a soiled garment?

Characters & Entities

• Maithilī (Sītā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes mastery over despair: grief is acknowledged, yet the righteous aim is to remove its cause through truthful action.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma voices the psychic burden of separation and yearns for the moment it can be thrown off through Sītā’s restoration.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Emotional honesty coupled with resolve—Rāma does not deny sorrow, but directs it toward righteous completion of duty.