Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 8

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

संगतस्तुमहाक्रोधोराक्षसोरावणानुजः ।समरेतीक्ष्णवेगेनमित्रघ्नेनविभीषणः ।।6.43.8।।

Transliteration

saṅgatas tu mahākrodho rākṣaso rāvaṇānujaḥ |

samare tīkṣṇavegena mitraghnena vibhīṣaṇaḥ ||6.43.8||

Translation

Da stürmte Vibhīṣaṇa — Rāvaṇas Bruder, ein vor Zorn lodernder Rākṣasa — im Kampf auf Mitraghna zu und focht gegen ihn mit schneidender Schnelligkeit.

Word by Word

• saṅgataḥ: met, engaged (in combat)
• saṅgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया, participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicative with vibhīṣaṇaḥ

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• mahākrodhaḥ: very wrathful
• mahākrodhaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying rāvaṇānujaḥ

• rākṣasaḥ: Rakshasa
• rākṣasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to rāvaṇānujaḥ

• rāvaṇānujaḥ: Ravana's younger brother
• rāvaṇānujaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + anuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• samare: in battle
• samare: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• tīkṣṇavegena: with sharp/rapid speed
• tīkṣṇavegena: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīkṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying mitraghnena

• mitraghnena: with Mitraghna
• mitraghnena: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitraghna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• vibhīṣaṇaḥ: Vibhishana
• vibhīṣaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vibhīṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Highly furious Rakshasa, Vibheeshana, brother of Ravana fought with Rakshasa, Mitraghna.

Characters & Entities

• Vibhīṣaṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• Mitraghnā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as steadfast commitment to a righteous cause: Vibhīṣaṇa, having chosen the path aligned with truth and justice, acts decisively on the battlefield against adharma’s forces.

What is the narrative situation?

During the Lanka war, individual champions pair off; Vibhīṣaṇa directly engages the rākṣasa warrior Mitraghna in close combat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and resolve: Vibhīṣaṇa does not hesitate in the crisis of war, meeting a named opponent with speed and determination.