Shloka 9

सुवेलारोहणं रावण-सुग्रीव-नियुद्धम्

Ascent of Suvela and the Ravana–Sugriva Duel

Devanagari script

स्थित्वामुहूर्तंसम्प्रेक्ष्यनिर्भयेनान्तरात्मना ।तृणीकृत्यचतद्रक्षस्सोऽब्रवीत्परुषंवचः ।।।।

Transliteration

sthitvā muhūrtaṃ saṃprekṣya nirbhayenāntarātmanā |

tṛṇīkṛtya ca tad rakṣaḥ so 'bravīt paruṣaṃ vacaḥ ||

Translation

Einen Augenblick verweilend und ihn mit furchtlosem Herzen betrachtend, achtete er jenen Rākṣasa gering und sprach harte Worte.

Word by Word

• स्थित्वा: having stood
• स्थित्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + क्त्वा (क्त्वान्त/Absolutive)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive): "having stood"

• मुहूर्तम्: for a moment
• मुहूर्तम्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Time-duration)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुहूर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); कालाधिकरणे द्वितीया (accusative of duration)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having observed
• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-ईक्ष् (धातु) + ल्यप् (ल्यबन्त/Absolutive)
• Form: ल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive): "having looked at/observed"

• निर्भयेन: fearlessly
• निर्भयेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument) (adverbial)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter) / पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular); अत्र साधन/भावे: "fearlessly" (instrumental used adverbially)

• अन्तरात्मना: with his inner self (inwardly)
• अन्तरात्मना: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument) (adverbial)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक); अन्तर (उपपद) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular); करण/भावे: "with inner self" (i.e., inwardly)

• तृणीकृत्य: having treated (him) as straw
• तृणीकृत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृण (प्रातिपदिक) + कृ (धातु) + ल्यप् (ल्यबन्त/Absolutive)
• Form: नामधातु-प्रयोगः (denominative) तृणीकृ- "to treat as straw"; ल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund): "having treated as straw"

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction): "and"

• तत्: that (one)
• तत्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (Pronoun)

• रक्षः: the Rakshasa
• रक्षः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); जातिवाचकं (a Rakshasa/ogre)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject) (रक्षः इत्यस्य पुनरुक्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (Pronoun)

• अब्रवीत्: spoke
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपदम्

• परुषम्: harsh
• परुषम्: कर्म (Karman/Object) (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् वचः इत्यस्य

• वचः: words
• वचः: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

Sugriva the son of the Sun god, having completed the feat, rejoiced by increasing the joy of foremost of Raghus. Then he who is adored by the monkey chiefs entered the army of Vanaras.৷৷ ইত্যার্ষেবাল্মীকীযেশ্রীমদ্রামাযণেআদিকাব্যেযুদ্ধকাণ্ডেচত্বারিংশস্সর্গঃ ৷৷This is the end of the fortieth sarga of Yuddha Kanda of the first epic the holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāvaṇa (rākṣasa implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Fearlessness in dharma is praised, but the verse also invites reflection on vāg-dharma (ethics of speech): even in war, harsh speech is a tool that must serve righteous purpose rather than mere insult.

What is the narrative situation?

After reaching the tower area, Sugrīva assesses Rāvaṇa without fear and begins a verbal challenge.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Inner fearlessness (antarātman) and resolve—Sugrīva does not shrink before an imposing enemy.