Shloka 81

रावणस्य अन्त्येष्टिः

Ravana’s Funeral Rites and the Ethics of Post-War Conduct

Devanagari script

उत्तिष्ठोत्तिष्ठकिंशेषेनवेपरिभवेकृते ।।।।अद्यवैनिर्भयालङ्कांप्रविष्टांसूर्यरश्मयः ।

Transliteration

uttiṣṭhottiṣṭha kiṁ śeṣe nave paribhave kṛte | adya vai nirbhayā laṅkāṁ praviṣṭāḥ sūrya-raśmayaḥ ||

Translation

Steh auf, steh auf — warum liegst du da, da doch eine neue Schmach geschehen ist? Heute sind die Sonnenstrahlen furchtlos in Laṅkā eingedrungen.

Word by Word

• उत्तिष्ठ: rise up
• उत्तिष्ठ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + उद्-उपसर्ग
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/आज्ञार्थ), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular); परस्मैपद

• उत्तिष्ठ: rise up
• उत्तिष्ठ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + उद्-उपसर्ग
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (repetition for emphasis)

• किम्: why? / what?
• किम्: Hetu/Prayojana (हेतु/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (interrogative pronoun)

• शेषे: you lie (asleep)
• शेषे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; √शी (धातु, to lie/sleep) का रूप: शेसे/शेषे (epic/orthographic variant)

• नवे: in a new (state)
• नवे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (m/n), सप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• परिभवे: in humiliation/insult
• परिभवे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिभव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• कृते: when (it is) done; after the deed
• कृते: Kāla/Hetu (काल/हेतु)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त (past passive participle/कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; ‘कृते’ = ‘when done/after being done’

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/indeed)

• निर्भयाः: fearless
• निर्भयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषण

• लङ्काम्: Lanka
• लङ्काम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• प्रविष्टाः: have entered
• प्रविष्टाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विश् (धातु) + प्र-उपसर्ग
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त (past active/PPP used actively), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘having entered’

• सूर्यरश्मयः: sun-rays
• सूर्यरश्मयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य + रश्मि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): सूर्यस्य रश्मयः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

"Get up, Rise up. When you are insulted why are you lying down? Because you are lying down, even the radiance of the Sun has entered Lanka without fear."

Characters & Entities

• Mandodarī
• Rāvaṇa
• Laṅkā
• Sūrya (sun)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed as protection of realm and honor; the image of fearless sunlight entering Laṅkā signals the collapse of unrighteous power.

What is the narrative situation?

Mandodarī reacts to the public disgrace of Rāvaṇa’s fall and the symbolic change in Laṅkā’s fortune.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Concern for royal dignity and the kingdom’s fate, even in personal bereavement.