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Shloka 16

रावण-सारथि-संवादः

Ravana and the Charioteer: Counsel, Omens, and Battlefield Conduct

रथोद्वहनखिन्नाश्चभग्नामेरथवाजिनः ।दीनाघर्मपरिश्रान्तागावोवर्षहताइव ।।।।

rathodvahana-khinnāś ca bhagnā me ratha-vājinaḥ | dīnā gharma-pariśrāntā gāvo varṣa-hatā iva ||

Meine Wagenpferde sind vom Ziehen des Wagens erschöpft; sie sind gebrochen—elend und von der Hitze zermürbt—wie Rinder, die vom Regen gepeitscht wurden.

रथोद्वहनखिन्नाःexhausted by hauling the chariot
रथोद्वहनखिन्नाः:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate of ‘rathavājinaḥ’)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ + उद्वहन + खिन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (रथस्य उद्वहनेन खिन्नाः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘रथवाजिनः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
and
:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
भग्नाःbroken, crippled
भग्नाः:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootभञ्ज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्
मेmy
मे:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
रथवाजिनःchariot-horses
रथवाजिनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (रथस्य वाजिनः = chariot-horses); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
दीनाःwretched, dejected
दीनाः:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्
घर्मपरिश्रान्ताःwearied by heat
घर्मपरिश्रान्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootघर्म + परिश्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (घर्मेण परिश्रान्ताः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्
गावःcows
गावः:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपमानम्
वर्षहताःlashed by rain
वर्षहताः:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्ष + हत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (वर्षेण हताः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘गावः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
इवlike
इव:
Sambandha (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक अव्यय

"The horses of my chariot were exhausted by dragging, broken down, worn out by the hot sun, and desperate like cows lashed by rain."

R
Rāvaṇa
C
chariot (ratha)

FAQs

Dharma extends to care for those who serve—animals and dependents included; pushing exhausted horses is cruelty and imprudence, undermining righteous conduct and effective action.

The charioteer cites the physical condition of the horses as a concrete reason for withdrawing/turning back the chariot.

Responsible stewardship and compassion—recognizing limits and preventing needless suffering.