Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 103, Shloka 2

ऐन्द्ररथप्रदानम्

Indra’s Chariot Offered to Rāma; The Duel Intensifies

Devanagari script

रावणायशरानघोरान्विससर्जचमूमुखे ।अधान्यंरथमास्थायरावणोराक्षसाधिपः ।।।।अभ्यधावतकाकुत्स्थंस्वर्भानुरिवभास्करम् ।

Transliteration

rāvaṇāya śarān ghorān visasarja ca mūrdhani | athānyaṁ ratham āsthāya rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ | abhyadhāvat kākutsthaṁ svarbhānur iva bhāskaram ||

Translation

Rāma entsandte furchtbare Pfeile gegen die vordersten Reihen von Rāvaṇas Heer und traf sie am Haupt. Da bestieg Rāvaṇa, Herr der Rākṣasas, einen anderen Wagen und stürmte auf Kakutstha (Rāma) zu wie Svarbhānu (Rāhu) gegen die Sonne vordringt.

Word by Word

• rāvaṇāya: to/for Ravana
• rāvaṇāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन)

• śarān: arrows
• śarān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ghorān: terrible
• ghorān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with śarān

• visasarga: discharged/let loose
• visasarga: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• camūmukhe: at the army-front
• camūmukhe: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: camū-mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (चमूयाः मुखम्)

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रमसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; discourse particle (अनन्तरार्थक/क्रमसूचक)

• anyam: another
• anyam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with ratham

• ratham: chariot
• ratham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āsthāya: having mounted
• āsthāya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), having mounted/ascended

• rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana
• rāvaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• rākṣasādhipaḥ: lord of the Rakshasas
• rākṣasādhipaḥ: Apposition to Karta (कर्ता-समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa-adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राक्षसानाम् अधिपः)

• abhyadhāvat: rushed towards
• abhyadhāvat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• kākutstham: Kakutstha (Rama)
• kākutstham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• svarbhānuḥ: Svarbhanu (Rahu)
• svarbhānuḥ: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarbhānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like
• iva: Upama-sambandha (उपमा-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; simile particle (उपमावाचक)

• bhāskaram: the sun
• bhāskaram: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāskara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Then a wonderful, severe thrilling fight took place between Sri Rama and Ravana.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasa
• Bhāskara (Sun)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights kṣatriya-dharma: facing aggression directly and meeting a foe in open battle with resolve, without abandoning one’s duty under pressure.

What is the narrative situation?

The climactic duel escalates: Rama strikes at Ravana’s front lines, and Ravana counters by charging toward Rama from a fresh chariot.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s steadfast courage and unwavering commitment to righteous combat; Ravana’s aggressive, eclipse-like menace is contrasted through the Rahu–Sun simile.