दूतधर्म-परामर्शः
Envoy-Immunity and Royal Counsel in Ravana’s Court
असंशयं शत्रुरयं प्रवृद्धः कृतं ह्यनेनाप्रियमप्रमेयम्।न दूतवध्यां प्रवदन्ति सन्तो दूतस्य दृष्टा बहवो हि दण्डाः।।।।
asaṁśayaṁ śatrur ayaṁ pravṛddhaḥ kṛtaṁ hy anenāpriyam aprameyam |
na dūtavadhyāṁ pravadanti santo dūtasya dṛṣṭā bahavo hi daṇḍāḥ ||
«Zweifellos ist dieser Feind gewaltig, und wahrlich hat er unermesslich Kränkendes und Schweres getan. Doch die Weisen billigen nicht die Tötung eines Gesandten; denn für einen Boten sind viele andere Strafen vorgesehen.»
This enemy has done a lot of harm, no doubt. Indeed he has done terrible and unpleasant deeds. (Yet) the wise have recommended many alternate punishments, while prohibiting their killing.
Dharma sets limits on retribution: even when harmed, a ruler must punish within lawful boundaries; immunity of envoys is upheld while allowing alternate penalties.
Vibhīṣaṇa acknowledges Hanumān’s hostile acts but argues that execution violates established norms regarding messengers.
Fair-mindedness (nyāya-buddhi): recognizing harm yet insisting on proportionate, rule-bound response.