Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 24

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

अर्ध्यमानस्ततस्तेन दुर्धरेणानिलात्मजः।।।।चकार कदनं भूयो व्यवर्धत च वेगवान्।

Transliteration

ardhyamānas tatas tena durdhareṇānिलātmajaḥ | cakāra kadanaṃ bhūyo vyavardhata ca vegavān ||

Translation

Erneut von Durdhara bedrängt, wuchs der schnelle Sohn des Windes abermals an und entfachte den wilden Kampf von neuem.

Word by Word

• ardhyamānaḥ: being assailed
• ardhyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ardh (अर्ध् धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि-प्रयोगे शानच्/मान (present passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘being attacked/pressed’

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• tena: by him
• tena: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument-Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• durdhareṇa: by Durdhara
• durdhareṇa: Karaṇa (करण/Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durdhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम (proper name)

• anila-ātmajaḥ: son of the Wind-god
• anila-ātmajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anila (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘son of Wind’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• cakāra: did/made
• cakāra: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (कृ धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• kadanam: slaughter/battle
• kadanam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kadana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• bhūyaḥ: again
• bhūyaḥ: Kāla (काल/Iteration)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyas (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: again/more)

• vyavardhata: grew/increased
• vyavardhata: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛdh (वृध् धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• vegavān: swift/impetuous
• vegavān: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vega-vat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessing speed)

Context

When the son of the Wind-god was attacked by Durdhara, he again grew in size

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān (Anilātmaja)
• Durdhara
• Wind-god (Anila/Vāyu)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is adaptive courage: when opposition increases, the righteous respond with appropriate strength and renewed effort, not surrender.

What is the narrative situation?

Under continued attack, Hanumān expands his form and intensifies the battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Utsāha and bala under discipline—resourceful strength that rises to meet necessity.