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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 10, Shloka 21

रावणान्तःपुरे शयनदर्शनम्

Hanumān Observes Rāvaṇa’s Inner Apartments and Sleeping Court

ददर्श स कपिस्तत्र बाहू शयनसंस्थितौ।मन्दरस्यांतरे सुप्तौ महाही रुषिताविव।।।।

dadarśa sa kapis tatra bāhū śayanasaṃsthitau |

mandarasyāntare suptau mahāhī ruṣitāv iva ||

Dort erblickte der Affenheld die beiden Arme, die auf dem Lager ruhten, gleich zwei gewaltigen Schlangen, die in einer Höhle des Berges Mandara schlafen, als wären sie noch immer voll Grimm.

ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person/प्रथम), एकवचन; क्रिया
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
कपिःthe monkey (Hanuman)
कपिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकपि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृ-समनाधिकरणम् (apposition to सः)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb of place)
बाहूtwo arms
बाहू:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), द्विवचन; कर्म (object of ददर्श)
शयन-संस्थितौlying/placed on the bed
शयन-संस्थितौ:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशयन (प्रातिपदिक) + संस्थित (कृदन्त; √स्था धातु, क्त; सम्-उपसर्ग)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; तत्पुरुषः (शयने संस्थितौ = placed on the bed); विशेषणम् (qualifying बाहू)
मन्दरस्यof Mandara (mountain)
मन्दरस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमन्दर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)
अन्तरेinside, in the interior
अन्तरे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरणम् (locative: within)
सुप्तौasleep
सुप्तौ:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्त (कृदन्त; √स्वप् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; क्तान्त-विशेषणम् (qualifying बाहू)
महाहीtwo great serpents
महाही:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootमहā + अहि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (काव्ये द्विवचन-प्रयोगः); उपमानम्
रुषितौangered
रुषितौ:
Upamāna-viśeṣaṇa (उपमान-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरुषित (कृदन्त; √रुष् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; उपमान-विशेषणम् (qualifying महाही)
इवlike
इव:
Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक-अव्ययम्

The vanara, gazed at the arms of Ravana placed on the couch that appeared like two angry snakes asleep in a cave on (the lap) of mount Mandara.

H
Hanumān
R
Rāvaṇa
M
Mandara (mountain)

FAQs

Dharma includes prudent assessment of danger. The imagery teaches that a righteous agent does not act rashly; he observes, measures risk, and proceeds with disciplined intelligence.

Hanumān visually examines Rāvaṇa’s limbs as the demon-king sleeps, noting their terrifying appearance through vivid similes.

Strategic caution combined with courage—Hanumān’s capacity to stay composed in the enemy’s inner sanctum.