Shloka 16

लक्ष्मणक्रोधः सुग्रीवप्रबोधनं च

Lakshmana’s Wrath and the Summoning of Sugriva

Devanagari script

तामपश्यद्बलाकीर्णां हरिराजमहापुरीम्।दुर्गामिक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः किष्किन्धां गिरिसङ्गटे।।

Transliteration

tām apaśyad balākīrṇāṃ harirājamahāpurīm |

durgām ikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ kiṣkindhāṃ girisaṅgaṭe ||

Translation

Da erblickte der Tiger aus dem Geschlecht der Ikṣvāku Kiṣkindhā, die große Stadt des Affenkönigs: von Truppen erfüllt, schwer zugänglich und in einer Bergschlucht gelegen.

Word by Word

• ताम्: that (city)
• ताम्: कर्म (Karma; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• अपश्यत्: saw
• अपश्यत्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• बलाकीर्णाम्: filled with troops
• बलाकीर्णाम्: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बल + आकीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; आकीर्ण < कृ धातु with ā-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त (PPP) used adjectivally

• हरिराजमहापुरीम्: the great city of the monkey-king
• हरिराजमहापुरीम्: कर्म (Karma; object apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि + राज + महा + पुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दुर्गाम्: inaccessible, fortified
• दुर्गाम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• इक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः: tiger among the Ikṣvāku (Rāma)
• इक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः: कर्ता (Kartā; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इक्ष्वाकु + शार्दूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपाधि/विशेषणवत् (epithet)

• किष्किन्धाम्: Kiṣkindhā
• किष्किन्धाम्: कर्म (object; city name)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किष्किन्धा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• गिरिसङ्गटे: in the mountain-pass
• गिरिसङ्गटे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि + सङ्गट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (locative sense), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

Context

The tiger of the Ikshvaku race saw the inaccessible Kishkinda, the capital of vanara kingdom, located between mountains and fortified with the army.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Ikṣvāku dynasty
• Kiṣkindhā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is implicit in purposeful approach: the righteous envoy (Lakṣmaṇa) advances into a fortified political space to uphold truth and pledged duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa reaches the vicinity of Kiṣkindhā and sees its guarded, fortified setting.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fearless resolve: he does not hesitate before a strong, defended capital when duty calls.