Shloka 20

Devanagari script

देशकालौ भजस्वाद्य क्षममाणः प्रियाप्रिये।सुखदुःख सह: काले सुग्रीववशगो भव।।

Transliteration

deśa-kālau bhajasvādya kṣamamāṇaḥ priyāpriye | sukha-duḥkha-sahaḥ kāle sugrīva-vaśago bhava ||

Translation

Von heute an achte auf Ort und Zeit und vergib Angenehmes wie Unangenehmes. Ertrage Glück und Leid, wie die Zeit sie bringt, und bleibe unter Sugrīvas Herrschaft.

Word by Word

• देशकालौ: place and time
• देशकालौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (देशः च कालः च)

• भजस्व: serve/adhere to
• भजस्व: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भज् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)

• क्षममाणः: forgiving/enduring
• क्षममाणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षम् (धातु) + शानच् (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्यय (present middle participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (of implied त्वम्)

• प्रियाप्रिये: the pleasant and the unpleasant
• प्रियाप्रिये: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय + अप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्व (प्रियं च अप्रियं च)

• सुखदुःखसहः: enduring pleasure and pain
• सुखदुःखसहः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख + दुःख + सह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; (सुखदुःखयोः सहः) endurance of both; विशेषण (of implied त्वम्)

• काले: in time/at the proper time
• काले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण (in time)

• सुग्रीववशगः: obedient to Sugriva
• सुग्रीववशगः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुग्रीव + वशग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (सुग्रीवस्य वशगः) = under Sugriva's control; विशेषण

• भव: become/be
• भव: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

'Enduring pleasure or pain equally with due regard to time and place favourable to you or otherwise, you should submit to the will of Sugriva.

Characters & Entities

• Vali
• Angada
• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is disciplined conduct under rightful authority: patience, contextual judgment (time/place), and acceptance of the new king to preserve social order.

What is the narrative situation?

Vali gives final governance-oriented instructions to his son Angada, directing him to submit to Sugriva after Vali’s death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṣamā (forbearance) and political maturity—enduring dualities and acting with situational wisdom.