Shloka 26

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

आह्वयस्वेति मामुक्त्वा दर्शयित्वा च विक्रमम्।वैरिणा घातयित्वा च किमिदानीं त्वया कृतम्4.12.26।।

Transliteration

āhvayasveti mām uktvā darśayitvā ca vikramam | vairiṇā ghātayitvā ca kim idānīṃ tvayā kṛtam || 4.12.26 ||

Translation

Nachdem du zu mir sagtest: „Fordere ihn heraus“, und deine Tapferkeit gezeigt hast—warum hast du nun zugelassen, dass der Feind mich trifft? Was hast du getan?

Word by Word

• आह्वयस्व: call (me), challenge
• आह्वयस्व: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + √ह्वे (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/लोट्), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘call/challenge!’

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरणसूचक अव्यय (quotative)

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन; pronoun = me

• उक्त्वा: having told
• उक्त्वा: Kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त; ‘having said/told’

• दर्शयित्वा: having shown
• दर्शयित्वा: Kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु; causative/णिच्: दर्शय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive) of causative; ‘having shown/demonstrated’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• विक्रमम्: prowess, valour
• विक्रमम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of ‘showing’

• वैरिणा: by the enemy
• वैरिणा: Kartr̥ (कर्ता/Agent in causative/passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैरिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental = by the enemy

• घातयित्वा: having had (me) struck
• घातयित्वा: Kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (धातु; causative/णिच्: घातय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive) of causative; ‘having caused (me) to be struck/killed’ (here: caused to be struck)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• किम्: what? why?
• किम्: Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; interrogative used predicatively = what/why

• इदानीम्: now
• इदानीम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इदानीम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time) = now

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Kartr̥ (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental = by you

• कृतम्: done
• कृतम्: Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृदन्त; √कृ धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) used predicatively = done

Context

'You demonstrated your prowess and directed me to challenge Vali and then why did you make the enemy hit me thus?

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma
• Vāli (implied as enemy)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in alliances requires reliability: if one induces another to take risk, one must act consistently with one’s pledged support and speak truthfully about one’s intent.

What is the narrative situation?

After being hurt in combat, Sugrīva confronts Rāma, questioning why promised assistance did not materialize.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Candor and insistence on accountability in friendship.